private parts Flashcards
normal anatomy of breasts
montgomery glands; axillary tail adipose;
how often should self breast exams be performed
every month
focused health history for breasts
- pain (mastalgia)
- lumps
- discharge (unless there is lactation)
- rash
- swelling
- trauma
- history of breast disease
- family history
number one risk factor for breast cancer
family history, especially first degree
gynocomastia
breast development in male
common complaints for breast tissue
lump, pain, nipple discharge
risk factors for breast cancer
- age over 50
- early menarche
- late menopause
- nulliparity
- family history of breast cancer
- obesity
- alcohol
- long term estrogen and progesterone replacement after menopause
breast exam INSPECTION components
note
- symmetry
- skin
- look for retraction of breast
breast exam palpation components
feeling for lumps
abnormal findings of breast exam
- sudden increase in size of one breast
- hyperpigmentation
- edema
- retraction of nipple, orange skin appearance
- deviating of nipple
- discharge of nipple
- dimpling or pucker of skin
- enlarged lymph nodes in axilla
positioning for breast exam
arms over head, arms at side, supine
self breast exam components
- expose breasts
- while standing: inspect for symmetry, dimpling, redness, pitting
- while lying: palpate entire breasts and axillae in systematic fashion, light and deep palpation, compare to other breast and look for symmetry
normal findings of self breast exam
- smooth shape without indentations or localized enlargement
- skin should be free of redness of peau dorange
- montgomery tubercles are normal
- no spontaneous discharge
- axillary lymph nodes non tender and non palpabl
red flags for a breast exam
- breast mass
- retractions
- edema
- axillary mass
- scaly nipple
- tender breast
fibrocystic disease
cysts in breast; NOT tumors but needs to be watched more closely
breast diagnostic tests
mammogram
breast ultrasound
needle aspiration
health history for MALE GU complaints
- frequency, urgency, nocturia
- dysuria
- hesitancy/straining
- urine color
- penis pain, lesions, or discharge
- sexual activity and contraceptive use
health history for FEMALE GU complains
- menstrual history
- obstetric history
- menopause
- pelvic pain
- urinary symptoms
- vaginal discharge
- sexual activity and contraceptive use
GYN common complaints
abnormal bleeding
pain
vaginal discharge
urinary symptoms
past medical history for gyn.
- menarche, menopause, reproductive history
- STDs
- PID
- cancer
- diabetes
- other chronic illness
nursing care during gynecological exam
- ask if first pelvic exam, describe procedure and answer questions
- eye contact
- privacy
- appropriate draping
- professionalism
cervical cancer risk factors
- HPV
- HIV
- smoking
- over 3 children
- long term oral contraceptive use
cervical cancer screening
pap smear every 3 years; beginning at age 21 or 3 years after first intercourse
normal findings of gyn.
- labia majora free of nodules or lesions
- labia minora smooth and slightly moist
- white, thin, discharge without odor
- urethral orifice just inside vaginal introitus, without redness or discharge
- no inguinal swelling
- hymenal tissue may be visible in women of all ages
past medical history for male reproductive
- GU surgery
- previous GU illness
- sexual contacts
- history of undescended testes
- chronic illness, diabetes, cardiac or neurologic disease
- cancer
normal findings of a penis/testicular exam
- skin looks wrinkled without lesions
- scrotal size varies
- testes are oval/firm/rubbery
abnormal findings of a penis/testicular exam
- generalized swelling/inflammation
- lesions
- grouped vesicles
- phimosis/paraphimosis
- narrowed opening
- scrotal swelling/lumps
phimosis vs. paraphimosis
only in uncircumcised
- phimosis is foreskin that does not retract
- paraphimosis is foreskin that retract but does not return
risk factors for testicular cancer
- age 20-34
- caucasian race
- cryptorchidism
- h/o testicular cancer
- family history of testicular cancer
risk factors for penile cancer
- phimosis
- poor personal hygeine
- over 60
- sexual promiscuity
- smoking
- HPV
male genital self exam
- for any sexually active man
- examine external genitalia for bumps, redness, lesions
- examine head of penis
- examine urethral meatus for discharge
- pubic hair for infestations
- palpate testicle for nodules
normal findings for male self exam
- shaft free of nodules and should be straight
- foreskin should retract completely
- urethral orifice should be at tip of penis
- scrotal skin has rugae
- testes should be smooth
- epididymis should be smooth, non tender
- vas deferens should be without nodules from testes to inguinal ring
risk factors for prostate cancer
- age over 50
- african american
- family history
rectal common complaints
- anal pain/bleeding
- painful lump
- itching
- lesions
rectal exam
- when abnormality is suspected
- testing for occult fecal blood
risk assessment for STD
- high risk sexual behavior (multiple, new partner)
- personal H/O STD
- MSM tested anually
- high rate of co infection STD
red flags
- amenorrhea
- urinary retention
- breast lump
- breast discharge
- genital lesion
- vaginal discharge
- anal lesions/bleeding
- post menopausal bleeding
