prison and imprisonment Flashcards
What punishments were used prior to 18th century?
-Death penalty
-Transportation
Describe why the death penalty was used and then why it was banned
-It was viewed as good general deterrence and class oppression
-No longer compatible with current CJS as it makes it unfair
Describe the use of transportation
-Transportation Act 1718
-Seen as alternative to death penalty
-Could be sentenced to 14 years transportation where sent to Northern America and take part in hard and forced labour
-American people e.g. Thomas Jefferson rejected this idea
-Didn’t act as a good general deterrence
Who is John Howard?
-Prison visitor and prison reform advocate
Who is Henry Fielding?
-Magistrate
-Advocate for solitary confinement
Who is Elizabeth Fry?
-Prison reformer
-Campaigner for female prisoners
Who is Jeremy Bentham?
-Panopticon design
-Watchtower in middle with all prisoners around in a circle
-Only 1 guard needed
How many prisons are there in England and Wales today?
-120 prisons and YOI’s
-15 run privately
-All others ran by HMPPS
Where are men held?
-Over 21 = prison
-Between 15 and 21 = placed in YOI’s
What are the different category prisons for males?
-Category A = high security for most dangerous prisoners
-Category D = open prisons for ones who can be trusted in open conditions
Describe the categorisation process
-Prisoners with low categorisation can be placed in higher prisons, but can never be placed in a lower categorised prison
-Decided by prison administration, not court
What are the 4 different types of prisons?
-Reception (local) prisons
-Training prisons
-Resettlement prisons
-High security prisons
What is a reception prison?
-Category B
-Take prisoners from courts
-Placed on remand awaiting trial or convicted and awaiting sentence
What is a training prison?
-Category B and C
-Accommodate offenders at their corresponding category
-Provide rehab programmes
What is a resettlement prison?
-Category C and D
-Prepare prisoners for release
-Can leave to go work/see family
What is a high security prison?
-Serve all 3 functions
-Hold category A prisoners
How do female prisons work?
-No categorisation
-Prisons either open or closed
-No female prisons in Wales
How many women prisons have MBU units?
-6/12 have Mother and Baby Unit
-Mother can live with baby up to age 18 months
-Can be extended up to 24 months, in certain circumstances
-No exclusions can occur
What are the 5 parts of Sykes deprivations of imprisonment?
-Liberty
-Security
-Goods and services
-Heterosexual relationship
-Autonomy
Describe liberty
-Refers to restraints
-Can’t vote in prison even after you leave
Describe security
-Lose right to security within prisons
Describe goods and services
-Take away personal belongings
-Strip searched
Describe heterosexual relationship
-Prisons split into male and female so hard to develop relationships
Describe autonomy
-Lose freedom and identity
-Prisons decide what you do and when you do it
