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general studies > priority deck 2020 > Flashcards

priority deck 2020 Flashcards

1
Q

amlodipine

A

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE and ANTIANGINAL

calcium channel blocker: inhibits Ca influx across cardiac and smooth muscle

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2
Q

clonazepam

A

ANTICONVULSANT - (benzodiazepine)

indicated for various seizures, panic disorder, akasthesia

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3
Q

tamoxifen citrate

A

ANTINEOPLASTIC THAT ALTERS HORMONE BALANCE

advanced premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer

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4
Q

diclofenac

A

NSAID
indications: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, primary dysmenorrhea, acute migraine.
Voltaren at al.

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5
Q

risendronate

A

AGENT AFFECTING CALCIUM and BONE METABOLISM

indications include postmenopausal osteoporosis

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6
Q

frusemide

A

DIURETIC
(loop diuretic - inhibits sodium and chlorine reabsorption in the kidneys)
indications include acute pulmonary oedema, oedema, hypertension.
Lasix

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7
Q

atorvastatin

A

HYPOLIPADAEMIC

indications - adjunct to diet to decrease LDL, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels

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8
Q

warfarin

A

ANTICOAGULANT
indications: prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism associated with DVT, MI, et al.
inhibits vitamin K-dependent activation of clotting factors

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9
Q

enoxaparin

A

ANTICOAGULANT
indications: prevention of pulmonary embolism and DVT following hip/knee replacement surgery or abdominal surgery
Clexane (usually 40mg but adjusted for weight)

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10
Q

cefalotin

A

ANTI-INFECTIVE - CEPHALOSPORIN
(it’s an antibiotic)
route is IM or IV

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11
Q

salbutamol

A 
BRONCHODILATOR
prevention or treatment of bronchospasm 
prevention of exercise-induced asthma 
also used for the prevention of premature labour
Ventolin
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12
Q

enalapril

A

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE - ace inhibitor

indications: hypertension; management of symptomatic heart failure

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13
Q

digoxin

A

ANTIARRHYTHMIC

indications: heart failure, paroxysmal SVT, atrial fibrillation and flutter

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14
Q

metoclopramide

include cautions

A

ANTIEMETIC - dopamine receptor antagonist

blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ, also increases gastric motility

PO, IV, IM

use cautiously in patients with depression, Parkinson’s, hypertension

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15
Q

telmisartan

A

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE

angiotensin-II inhibitor (ARB - angiotensin receptor blocker)

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16
Q

colecalciferol/cholecalciferol

A

vitamin D3, promotes absorption of calcium and phosphate

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17
Q

thiamine

A

vitamin B1, combines with ATP to form a coenzyme needed for carb metabolism

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18
Q

esomeprazole

A

ANTIULCER
treatment of GORD
brandname is Nexium (only one)

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19
Q

amitryptiline

A

ANTIDEPRESSANT: Tricyclic
TCAs increase the amount of noradrenaline or serotonin or both by blocking their reuptake by presynaptic neurons (action unknown)

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20
Q

Targin

A

NARCOTICS AND OPIOID ANALGESICS

Targin is a combo of oxycodone hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride at a rate of 2:1

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21
Q

-axine

A

antidepressant: SNRI

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22
Q

-azepam

A

sedative: benzodiazepine

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23
Q

-azole

A

antifugal

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24
Q

-caine

A

local anasthetic

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25
Q

-cam

A

NSAID: COX-2 inhibitor

eg. meloxicam (osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis)

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26
Q

-cillin

A

antibiotic: penicillin

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27
Q

-cog

A

coagulation factor

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28
Q

-coxhib

A

NSAID: COX-2 inhibitor

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29
Q

-curium

A

neuromuscular blocker

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30
Q

-curonium

A

neuromuscular blocker

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31
Q

-cycline

A

antibiotic: tetracycline

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32
Q

-dopa

A

dopamine-related

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33
Q

-dronate

A

bisphosphonate

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34
Q

-fenac

A

NSAID

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35
Q

-fibrozil

A

antihyperlipidaemic: fibrate

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36
Q

-floxacin

A

antibiotic: quinolone

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37
Q

-glitazone

A

antihyperglyaemic: -glitazone

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38
Q

-globulin

A

immunoglobulin

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39
Q

-grel

A

antiplatelet

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40
Q

-ide

A

diuretic

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41
Q

-lukast

A

antileukotriene

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42
Q

oxycodone

A

NARCOTICS AND OPIOID ANALGESICS
Endone, OxyContin, OxyNorm
for full analgesic effect, administer before pain is intense
give after meals/with milk to avoid GI upset
10mg PO oxycododone equivalent to 20mg PO morphine

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43
Q

-mab

A

immunoglobulin (immunomodulator)

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44
Q

-nib

A

antineoplastic

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45
Q

-nitrate

A

nitrates

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46
Q

-olol

A

beta blocker

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47
Q

-opram

A

antidepressant - SSRI

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48
Q

-oxetine

A

antidepressant - SNRI

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49
Q

–oxacin

A

antibiotic - Quinolone

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50
Q

-pam

A

benzodiazepine

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51
Q

-penem

A

antibiotic - cardapenem

52
Q

-dipine

A

antihypertensive CCB

53
Q

-pramine

A

antidepressant - TCA

54
Q

-prazole

A

PPI - proton pump inhibitor

55
Q

-pril

A

antihypertensive - ACE inhibitor

56
Q

-salazine

A

aminosalicylate

57
Q

-sartan

A

antihypertensive - ARB

58
Q

-setron

A

antiemetic - 5HT3-antagonist

59
Q

-solone

A

corticosteroid

60
Q

-sone

A

corticosteroid

61
Q

-statin

A

antihyperlipidaemic

62
Q

-terol

A

LABA (long-acting beta agonist)

63
Q

-tidine

A

H2 antagonist

64
Q

-tretinoin

A

retinoid

65
Q

-triptan

A

antidepressant - SSRI

66
Q

-tyline

A

antidepressant - TCA

67
Q

-vir

A

antiviral

68
Q

-zolamide

A

CAI (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)

69
Q

-zosin

A

alpha one blocker

70
Q

clopidogrel

A

ANTI PLATELET

to reduce atherosclerotic events in people with recent CVA, MI or peripheral artery disease

71
Q

nifedipine

A

ANTI ANGINAL

hypertension, anginas

thought to inhibit calcium influx across cardiac and smooth muscle cells

72
Q

ondansetron

A

ANTIEMETIC

used esp. chemotherapy and prevention and treatment of post-op nausea and vomiting

action: selective antagonist of 5-HT3 serotonin receptor in CNS and PNS

73
Q

docusate sodium

A

LAXATIVE

stool softener

eg. Coloxyl

also used as an OTIC med for facilitation of cerumen removal

74
Q

bisacodyl

A

LAXATIVE

used prior to rectal/bowel exams, preparation for surgery etc

action: works on smooth muscle increases peristalsis

75
Q

insulin aspart

A

ANTIDIABETIC

Novorapid

ultra-short acting (rapid acting)

generally 50% - 70% of daily requirement is taken as Novorapid, the rest is taken as intermediate acting or long-acting

76
Q

insulin glargine

A

ANTIDIABETIC

Lantus

long acting (basal) insulin

77
Q

metronidazole

A

AMEOBICIDES AND ANTIPROTOZOALS

also a local anti-infective

78
Q

atropine

A

ANTICHOLINERGIC

(antimuscarinic)

blocks vagal effect at SA and AV nodes, thereby increasing heart rate

*used as a premed for anaesthetic procedures, when reversing neuromuscular blockades and to treat bradychardia with haemodynamic compromise

79
Q

benztropine

A

ANTIPARKINSONIAN

anticholinergic

80
Q

omeprazole

A

ANTIULCER

treatment of ulcers and GORD

proton pump inhibitor, blocks gastric acid formation

81
Q

chlorpromazine

A

ANTIPSYCHOTIC

treatment of psychosis, but also nausea and vomiting as well as tetanus, intractable hiccups, adjunct to surgery

action unknown, may block dopamine receptors in synapses in brain

82
Q

prednisolone

A

CORTICOSTEROID

used to treat severe inflammation, also a range of other conditions including asthma, croup, ulcerative colitis, crohn’s disease, nephrotic syndrome and many more

83
Q

tramadol

A

NARCOTIC/OPIOID

binds to opioid receptors, also inhibits reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin

it’s synthetic, and not chemically related to opiates

84
Q

haloperidol

A

ANTIPSYCHOTIC

for treatment of psychoses, also non-psychotic behaviour disorders in children as well as tourette’s

can also be used to treat nausea and vomiting associated with radiation/malignancy

probably blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors in brain

85
Q

gelofusine

A

used as an IV colloid

behaves like blood filled with albumins - causes an increase in blood volume, blood flow, cardiac output, and oxygen transportation

86
Q

levetiracetam

A

ANTICONVULSANT

adjunct therapy for partial onset seizures

action unknown, believed to be due to binding with synaptic vesicle protein 2A in CNS

87
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

ANTI-INFECTIVE (ANTIBIOTIC)

fluoroquinolone used to treat various infections including UTIs and respiratory.

88
Q

methotrexate

A

ANTIMETABOLITE

chemotherapy drug used in various cancers as well as for autoimmune diseases, ectopic pregnancy and medical abortions

89
Q

perindopril

A

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE

ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension and CHF

90
Q

metoprolol

A

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE

beta blocker used to treat hypertension, angina and as early intervention in acute MI

also used as migraine prophylaxis

91
Q

teriflunomide

A

IMMUNOMODIFIER

used to manage MS (reduces relapse frequency, delays physical disability progression)

trade name Aubagio

92
Q

magmin

A

magnesium

aids in relief of muscle cramps and spasms and nervous tension

93
Q

sotalol

A

ANTIARRHYTHMIC

beta blocker that slows sinus heart rate and AV conduction, decreases cardiac output and lowers systolic and diastolic BPs

94
Q

pantoprazole

A

ANTIULCER

proton pump inhibitor (suppresses gastric acid secretion)

used to treat ulcers inc. helicobacter pylori, reflux oesophagitis, and GORD

95
Q

cetirizine

A

ANTIHISTAMINE

Zyrtec

inhibits peripheral H1 receptors, treatment of seasonal rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria

96
Q

diazepam

A

ANTIANXIETY / ANTICONVULSANT

Valium etc

benzodiazepine that depresses the CNS at limbic and subcortical levels of brain.

suppresses spread of seizure activity

97
Q

atenolol

A

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE

hypertension / angina/ prophylaxis for MI

beta blocker: decreases cardiac output, peripheral resistance, renin secretion

98
Q

tapentadol

A

NARCOTICS AND OPIOID ANALGESICS

binds with opioid receptors

99
Q

What does APINCHS stand for

A 
Antimicrobials
Potassium and other electrolytes
Insulin
Narcotics and other sedatives
Chemotherapeutic agents
Heparin and other anticoagulants
Systems
100
Q

Which drugs fall under A in the APINCHS Classification of High Risk Medicines?

A

A for antimicrobials

aminoglycosides: gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin

vancomycin

amphotericin – liposomal formulation

101
Q

Which drugs fall under P in the APINCHS Classification of High Risk Medicines?

A

P is for potassium and other electrolytes

Injections of concentrated electrolytes: potassium, magnesium, calcium, hypertonic sodium chloride

102
Q

Which drugs fall under C in the APINCHS Classification of High Risk Medicines?

A

C is for chemotherapeutic agents

vincristine, methotrexate, etoposide, azathioprine

Oral chemotherapy

103
Q

Which drugs fall under N in the APINCHS Classification of High Risk Medicines?

A

N is for narcotics (opioids) and other sedatives:

hydromorphone, oxycodone, morphine, fentanyl, alfentanil, remifentanil and analgesic patches

benzodiazepines: diazepam, midazolam

thiopentone, propofol and other short term anaesthetics

104
Q

Which drugs fall under H in the APINCHS Classification of High Risk Medicines?

A

H is for heparin and other anticoagulants:

warfarin, enoxaparin, heparin

direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs): dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban

105
Q

buspirone

A

ANXIOLYTIC - not related to benzodiazepines

for short term treatment of anxiety (up to 1 month)

binds to dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors in the CNS but no effect on GABA

antianxiety effects, without sedative, antiepileptic, muscle relaxant effects

doesn’t cause dependence

106
Q

propranolol

A

beta blocker - blocks beta-adrenergic receptors in the CNS and in peripheral cardiac and pulmonary systems

varied indications: 
non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic
antanginal
hypertension
migraines
to reduce mortality after MI
essential tremor
107
Q

cephazolin:

A

cephalosporin antibiotic

serious infections - respiratory, biliary and GU tracts; skin, soft-tissue, bone and joint; septicaemia; endocarditis

IV or IM

108
Q

morphine

A

opioid analgesic

binds to opiate receptor in CNS, altering perception of/emotional response to pain (mechanism unknown)

severe pain

PO, IV, IM, SC, epidural, intrathecal

109
Q

Aside from patency, what other assessments are involved when caring for a patient with an IV
cannula? (6)

A 
erythema
tenderness
pain
swelling
dressing integrity
PIVC position
110
Q

body temp (tympanic): normal range

A

35.5 - 37.5 (adult)

111
Q

what is the primary survey approach?

A 
Airways
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure
112
Q

what is assessed under E in an A-E assessment?

A

Exposure:

body temperature

skin integrity

signs of pressure injury

wounds, dressings or drains, invasive lines

ability to transfer and mobilise

bowel movements

113
Q

what is assessed under D in an A-E assessment?

A

Disability:

level of consciousness
speech
pain

114
Q

what is assessed under C in an A-E assessment?

A

Circulation:

pulse rate and rhythm

blood pressure

urine output

115
Q

what is assessed under B in an A-E assessment?

A

Breathing:

respiratory rate

work of breathing

oxygen saturation

116
Q

ketones - normal range?

A

acceptable range for blood ketones <0.6 mmol/L.

  1. 6 and 1.5 mmol/L: recheck blood glucose and ketones in 2-4 hours
  2. 5 and 3.0 mmol/L: may be at risk for developing ketoacidosis

more than 3.0 mmol/L requires immediate emergency treatment.

117
Q

seven rights of medication administration?

A 
right patient
right drug
right dose
right time
right route
right reason
right documentation
118
Q

extra rights of med admin?

A 
right response
right to refuse
right education
right assessment
right of the patient to know
119
Q

expected urine output?

A

0.5ml/kg/hr

120
Q

what is BUN?

A

blood urea nitrogen

121
Q

what is urea?

A

waste produced in the liver as a byproduct of protein metabolism

122
Q

what is creatinine?

A

waste product from muscle breakdown

123
Q

creatinine normal range?

A

110μmol/L for males (0.11mmol/L)

90μmol/L (0.09mmol/L) for females

124
Q

normal GFR?

A

90 ml/min or more

125
Q

urine specific gravity: normal range?

A

between 1.010 and 1.020 or 1.030 if your kidneys are functioning normally.

The higher the number, the more dehydrated you may be.

general studies (6 decks)

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