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Printing Process & Techniques Year 3 > Printing ink formulation > Flashcards

Printing ink formulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of dyeing?

A

Dyeing involves the transfer of dyes from solution in water into a textile fibre.

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2
Q

What is dyeing commonly used for?

A
  • used to produce large quantities of coloured textiles

- single uniform colour

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3
Q

In what form can a textile be dyed?

A

Fibre, yarn or fabric

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4
Q

What is the definition of printing?

A

Printing is the application of colour to give definite designs or patterns

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5
Q

What is printing commonly used for?

A

-used industrially to create multiple copies of designs with various complexities in a range of colours.

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6
Q

What is the similarity between printing and dyeing?

A

-printing also involves localised dying or pigmentation in a way dictated by the design.

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7
Q

How are the printing and dyeing processes different?

A
  • printing must be done with precision to ensure accurate repetition of copies
  • printing can be applied to most textiles in a variety of forms
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8
Q

What are the 3 stages of printing?

A
  • transfer
  • fixation
  • wash off
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9
Q

Describe transfer.

A
  • dye is transported to the fibre surface

- the paste dries to form a surface of film containing the dye.

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10
Q

Describe fixation.

A
  • movement of dye into the fibre interior itself (diffusion)
  • aided by heat and/or steam to ensure rapid fixation
  • dye-fibre interactions are formed
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11
Q

Describe wash off

A
  • done with detergent and water

- removes excess paste, unfixed dyes, chemicals and thickener

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12
Q

There are two types of printing inks, what are they?

A

Paste inks

Liquid inks

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13
Q

What is viscosity?

A

Viscosity is the thickness or consistency of a liquid

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14
Q

What is the purpose of having appropriate viscosity in your mixture?

A
  • it transfers the colour during print

- ensures the colour remains in position after transfer

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15
Q

What are three important factors if a viscosity formula?

A
  • careful selection of ingredients
  • ensuring appropriate quantities
  • efficient mixing (homogeneous)
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16
Q

What does ‘pH’ represent?

A

The strength of acidity or alkalinity

17
Q

What is the range of numbers in the pH scale?

A

1-14
1 being strong acid eg sulphuric
14 being strong alkali eg sodium hydroxide
7 is neutral

18
Q

Name the 8 ingredients used in screen-printing paste.

A
  1. Dye or pigment
  2. Solvent (water)
  3. Solution assistants
  4. thickener
  5. Humectant
  6. Dye fixation chemicals
  7. Protective agents
  8. Miscellaneous
19
Q

How are dyes applied?

A
  • applied through water, usually soluble

- dyes transfer from the water and attach to the textile material

20
Q

Dye is soluble in water. What is the name used to describe this property?

A

Substantivity

21
Q

Describe the mechanics of how dyes fix to textiles.

A
  • dyes diffuse inside the fibres
  • intermolecular forces hold from between dye and fibre molecules to hold the dye in place
  • in some cases with reactives, chemical bonds are formed
22
Q

Describe the mechanics of how pigment attaches to textiles.

A
  • attached using binders

- are attached only at the surface of the fibres as a coating

23
Q

What are 7 important characteristics of a dye?

Hint: CPSDFCE

A
  • colour
  • physical form
  • solubility
  • diffusion
  • fastness properties
  • cost
  • environmental considerations
24
Q

Describe 3 things taken into consideration or the environment when dyeing.

A

Non-toxicity

  • non-dusting behaviour
  • residual colour
25
Q

What does solvent do?

A

Acts as a carrier for the other screen paste ingredients

26
Q

What are solution assistants?

A

-Assists dissolving the dyes (and other ingredients) in water

27
Q

What is thickening agent?

A

A colourless material which form a viscous paste with water

28
Q

What is thickener?

A

-Ensures paste has correct viscosity

29
Q

What happens to thickener while its being printed?

A

-viscosity reduces when force (shear) is applied (by squeegee) to allow transfer to the fabric through the screen

30
Q

What is the definition of a natural thickener?

A

Chemically these are sugar based carbohydrates derived from natural sources

31
Q

What are 2 examples of natural thickeners?

A
  • locust bean gum (plant seed)

- gum Arabic (plant exudates)

32
Q

What are humectants?

A

-a swelling agent that allows the fibre to ‘open up’ and allows dye to penetrate

33
Q

Name 3 dye fixation chemicals

A

-acids
-alkalis
Reducing/oxidising agents

34
Q

What are protective agents used for?

A

-they are an oxidant agent used to counteract wool’s properties than can degrade dye

Printing Process & Techniques Year 3 (6 decks)

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