Principles of Pharmacology

Question 1

What is pharmacology?

Answer 1

Study of drugs in living systems

• Includes medication effects, whether diagnostic, therapeutic, or adverse
• Drugs can be helpful or harmful

Question 2

What are the properties of an ideal drug?

Answer 2

1) Effectiveness
2) Safety
3) Selectivity

Question 3

What are the 3 types of drug names:

Answer 3

1) Chemical Name
2) Generic Name
3) Trade or Brand Name

Question 4

Trade FDA is responsible for_____

Answer 4

fraudulent claim protection by manufacturers and merchants

Question 5

What is the 1906 Food and Drug Act?

Answer 5

Designed the US Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary as official standards to enforce drug companies to comply with these set of standards.

Question 6

Legend Drugs:

Answer 6

• Require a prescription
• Radiopaque contrast agent and other medications administered in the radiology department are Legend Drugs!

Question 7

Name a few things that Legal Prescriptions must include:

Answer 7

• Patient name, room number and/or address
• Drug name (generic or brand)
• Dosage / Dosage form
• Route of administration
• Date order was written
• Prescribers signature

Question 8

“C” stands for what in pharmacology?

Answer 8

Controlled Substances

Question 9

What are controlled substances?

Answer 9

Meds that have a high potential for abuse, and are placed into one of the five substance schedules

• The lower the Roman numeral the greater the potential for abuse

Question 10

Give the Schedule/Class of Controlled Substance and Examples for each

Answer 10

• Schedule 1 (Heroin)
• Schedule 2 (Codeine, Morphine)
• Schedule 3 (Acetaminophen with codeine)
• Schedule 4 (Xanax)
• Schedule 5 (Various cold and cough combinations with codeine)

Question 11

Can Herbal Products cause pharmacological effects?

Answer 11

Yes.
You must ask patient if they have taken herbal products when getting medication history

Question 12

What is charting?

Answer 12

• Legal medical record
• Belongs to the hospital
• Accurate, chronological history of event as they occur under the supervision of a medical professional

Question 13

What is drug nomenclature?

Answer 13

Drug with many names before it becomes available for use

(Systematic naming of drugs)

Question 14

What does POMR stand for?

Answer 14

Problem Orientated Medical Record

Question 15

Review Fig. 1.1!

Question 16

What happens during drug administration?

Answer 16

Medication Errors
Patient Adherence

Question 17

Give examples of Pharmacokinetics
(study of how the body processes drugs)

Answer 17

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 18

Give examples of pharmacodynamixs
(Study of how the drugs impact the body at a molecular, biochemical, and physiological level)

Answer 18

Drug receptor interaction
Patients functional state
Placebo effect

Question 19

What are sources of individual variation?

Answer 19

• physiologic variables
• pathological variables
• genetic variables
• drug interactions

Question 20

Does a verbal order have to be signed?

Answer 20

Yes, must sign to be legal and valid

Question 21

What’s an examples of Schedule 1 Controlled Substance?

Answer 21

Heroin

Question 22

What’s an example of Schedule 2 Controlled Substance?

Answer 22

Codeine, Morphine

Question 23

What’s an examples of Schedule 3 Controlled Substance?

Answer 23

Acetaminophen with codeine

Question 24

What’s an examples of Schedule 4 Controlled Substance?

Answer 24

Xanax

Question 25

What’s an examples of Schedule 5 Controlled Substance?

Answer 25

Various cold and cough combinations with codeine

Question 26

What’s the order in drug administration?

Answer 26

Prescribed Dose Administered Dose Concentration at sites of action Intensity of responses

Question 27

What is the therapeutic objective?

Answer 27

to provide maximum benefits with minimum harm

Question 28

Are generic products and brand name products therapeutically equivalent?

Answer 28

Yes, due to the active chemical ingredient (but you may have a different reaction)

Question 29

What are some examples of a herbal product?

Answer 29

Ginger Turmeric Chamomile

Question 30

Can herbal products affect the cardiovascular, GI and Central Nervous System?

Answer 30

Yes, when taken in excess

Question 31

What might an imaging professional be responsible for placing into a medical record?

Answer 31

- Specific radiology procedures - Patient History regarding radiology procedures - Patient assessment during and after the procedures - Any administered medications

Question 32

OTC drugs account for ___ of all doses administered.

Answer 32

60%

Question 33

____ times as many illnesses are treated by a consumer using an OTC drug as by a consumer visiting a physician.

Answer 33

Four Times

Question 34

What does POMR stand for and what is it?

Answer 34

Problem Orientated Medical Record- format used by most hospitals