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Pharmacology > Powerpoint From Heather > Flashcards

Powerpoint From Heather Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five drug rights?

A

1) Patient
2) Drug
3) Amount
4) Time
5) Route

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2
Q

Pharmacology Definition:

A

The study of drug actions and drug interactions within living organisms.

A drug is any substance, other than food, used to prevent, diagnose, treat or cure a disease

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3
Q

What are the categories of Therapeutic Substances?

A
  • Drugs/Medications
  • Biologics
  • Alternative Therapies
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4
Q

Drug Nomenclature classified by:
(choosing of names for something)

A

Name
Action
Legal Classification

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5
Q

What are the three name classifications for drugs?

A
  • Chemical Name
  • Generic Name
  • Trade Name
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6
Q

Do drugs have the capacity to change cellular structure?

A

NO

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7
Q

Review Table 21.2 on pg. 292

A
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8
Q

What does drug families mean?

A

Drugs that have similar chemical actions

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9
Q

What are the legal classification of drugs?

A

2 Categories
- Prescription and Non Prescription

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10
Q

List of drugs that must bear the legend

A
  • Drugs administered parenterally(other other than the digestive tract)
  • Drugs that are hypnotic/narcotic
  • Drugs that contain derivative or habit-forming substances
  • Drugs that may be toxic if not administered under supervision
  • Drugs that are new and limited to investigation use
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11
Q

Dosage Forms:

A
  • Tablet
  • Capsule
  • Inhalant
  • Suppository
  • Solution
  • Suspension
  • Transdermal Patch
  • Creams/Ointments
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12
Q

Drugs Profile:

A
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13
Q

Indications vs Contraindications

A

Indications- The basis for initiation of treatment or use of a particular drug

Contraindication- Any symptom or circumstance that renders use of a drug in advisable

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14
Q

What does Pharmacokinetics mean?

A

The processes that control absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs by the body

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15
Q

What are factors that may affect pharmacokinetics of drugs?

A
  • Age
  • Nutritional Status
  • Ethnicity
  • Existing physical condition
  • Immune status
  • State of mind
  • Gender
  • Weight
  • Environmental Factors
  • Time of day
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16
Q

What does drug absorption mean?
What form must drugs be in to be absorbed?

A
  • Movement from its site of administration into the bloodstream
  • All drugs must be in LIQUID form to be absorbed
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17
Q

Bioavailability:

A

the amount of drug that reaches systemic circulation

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18
Q

Pharmaceutic Phase:

A

Drugs administer in solid or tablet form must be brown down into tiny particles to be dissolved into the body fluids of the GI tract

19
Q

What are some factors that may affect drug absorption rate?

A
  • How the drug is administered
  • Physicochemical Properties
  • Formulation
  • Surface Area
  • Blood Flow
20
Q

What are the four types of Drug Administration?

A
  • Eternal
  • Parenteral
  • Pulmonary
  • Topical
21
Q

First Pass Effect

A

Stomach-Small Intestine-Mesenteric Vascular System-Portal Vein-Liver

22
Q

Oral medications usually require a ___ dose of a drug to be administered.

A

Larger!

23
Q

What are factors that may affect distribution of a drug?

A
  • Adequate blood circulation
  • Protein Binding
  • Drugs affinity for lipoid or aqueous tissues
24
Q

Typed of barriers:

A
  • Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), Allows distribution of only lipid soluble drugs
  • Placental Barrier, Nonselective
25
Q

Most drugs are metabolized by the ___ in the hepatic microtonal enzyme system.

A

Liver

26
Q

What does drug metabolism mean?

A

Process by which the body breaks down drugs into less active or inactive forms

27
Q

Which organ is the primary site for drug metabolism?

A

The liver!

28
Q

What are some factors that may affect metabolism?

A
  • Age
  • Health Status
  • Time of Day
  • Emotional Status
  • The presence of other drugs within the body
  • Generic Variations
  • Disease States
29
Q

What does drug excretion mean?

A

Drug movement out of the body

30
Q

What are the sites of excretion?

A
  • Kidneys (Major organ responsible)
  • Biliary Tract
  • Lungs (Gases and volatile liquids used for anesthesia)
  • Sweat, Saliva, and breast milk are of minimal importance
31
Q

What does Half-Life mean?

A

The time is takes for a 50% decrease in a drugs presence in the body

32
Q

What does clearance rate mean?

A

The amount of time it takes for a drug to leave the body

33
Q

What does Pharmacodynamics mean?

A

The study of the method of mechanism of drug action on living tissues or the response of tissues to chemical agents at various sites of the body.

34
Q

Drugs alter physiologic effects by:

A
  • Altering Blood Pressure
  • Altering Heart Rate
  • Altering Urinary Output
  • Altering functions of the central or peripheral nervous system
  • Altering changes in all other body systems
35
Q

Many drugs combined with another can become ____ or form a toxic compound.

A

Inactivated

36
Q

Can you mix two drugs together?

A

Sometimes.
Always consult a drug compatibility chart before mixing two drugs together!

37
Q

What are some drug reactions?

A
  • Side Affects
  • Toxic Effects
  • Allergic Reactions
  • Idiosyncratic Reactions
38
Q

What is a side effect?

A

A result from the drug acting on tissues other than those intended, which causes a response unrelated to the intended action.

39
Q

Adverse reaction:

A

an effect produced by a drug that is severe or life threatening

40
Q

Toxic Effect:

A

An unwanted effect that is an extension of the therapeutic effect

(Aka: overdose)

41
Q

Idiosyncratic Reactions:

A

An unexpected or exacerbated effect from a drug.

Example: A drug given to produce sleep, instead produces a hyperactive reaction

42
Q

What is an allergic reaction, and what are the two forms?

A
  • Occurs when the body immunologic system is hypersensitive to the presence of the drug

2 Forms
- Immediate (Mild to Severe)
- Delayed ( Usually Mild, May take hours or days to appear)

43
Q

What are the four levels of sedation?

A

1) Minimal (Anxiolysis)
2) Moderate/ Analgesia (Conscious Sedation)
3) Deep Sleep/Analgesia
4) General Anesthesia

44
Q

Should you document medication errors?

A

Yes, you could be held liable if not documented .

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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