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Pharmacy > PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY > Flashcards

PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

These factors alter?

  • the drug form (tablet, capsule, sustained release, liquid)
  • Route of administration
  • Changes in Liver metabolism caused by dysfunction.
  • G I mucosa and motility.
  • Food and drugs
  • Solubility: Drugs that are fat soluble are absorbed faster than water-soluble drugs.
A

Bioavailability

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2
Q

Average weight for drugs is approximately ___ lbs

A

150

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3
Q

DD 1289

A

DOD Prescription

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4
Q

NAVMED 6710/6

A

Poly-prescription

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5
Q

Controlled substances are only written on?

A

DD 1289

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6
Q

Prescriptions are written on pencil or ink?

A

Ink

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7
Q

Liver disease may affect ability to_______

A

metabolize or detoxify a drug

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8
Q

What is required on an RX

A
  • pt’s full name
  • date of RX
  • pt DOB
  • full name of drug, form of drug, dosage/strength in metric, qty to dispense. write generically
  • directions to pt
  • provider sig
  • refill auth
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9
Q

The IDC on independent duty is not required to use a DD1289 for prescribing drugs other than?

A

Controlled drugs

unless directed by CO or higher authority

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10
Q

General Principles of pharmacology

A
  • The factors that affect the actions of drugs
  • Factors that affect drug reactions
  • various types of rug interactions
  • factors influencing drug response
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11
Q

Absorption

A

The transfer of the drug from the body fluids to the tissues

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12
Q

What route of drug administration produces the most rapid response
than any other method

A

IV

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13
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cells engulf the drug particle across the cell membrane. pack man…

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14
Q

Diffuse across a membrane from area of

higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

Passive absorption

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15
Q

Carrier molecule such as a protein or enzyme actively moves the drug across the membrane.

A

Active absorption

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16
Q

Drug levels in blood to produce desired effect.

A

Therapeutic effect

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17
Q

Chemical reaction by with liver converts drug to inactive compound

A

Metabolism

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18
Q

A patient with liver disease may require a ______dose of a
medication that is metabolized by the liver or a _____
medication that is not metabolized by the liver.

A

Lower, Different

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19
Q

Elimination of drugs from the body.

A

Excretion

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20
Q

Metabolism occurs where?

A

Liver, Kidneys, lungs, plasma, and intestinal mucosa

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21
Q

Time required for the body to eliminate 50% of the drug.

A

Half - Life

22
Q

_____, _______, and old age can increase the half-life

increasing risk of toxicity.

A

Kidney, liver disease

23
Q

Drug’s actions and effects within the body

A

Pharmacodynamic

24
Q

2 parts of pharmacodynamics

A

(1) Primary or desired effect.

(2) Secondary effects (side effects) – desired or undesired.

25
Q

A compulsive need to use a substance repeatedly to avoid mild to severe withdrawal symptoms.

A

Physical dependence

26
Q

A compulsion to use a substance to

obtain a pleasurable experience.

A

Psychological dependence

27
Q

A genetically determined abnormal response to normal doses of a drug.

A

Pharmacogenetic disorder

28
Q

A specialized macromolecule that binds to the drug
molecule, altering the function of the cell and producing the
therapeutic response.

A

Receptor

29
Q

Pregnancy Drug Rating

A

A

Controlled Human studies show no risk

30
Q

Alteration of cell to achieve the desired response

A

Therapeutic Response

31
Q

Drug that binds with a receptor to produce the therapeutic response

A

Agonist

32
Q

Drug binds to receptor stronger than the agonist thus producing no pharmacologic effect Ex: Narcan vs morphine

A

Antagonist

33
Q

Undesirable drug effect

A

Adverse reaction:

34
Q

A drug reaction that occurs because the individual’s immune system views the drug as a foreign substance.

A

Allergic reaction

35
Q

Any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug that a patient can have, that do not occur in the vast majority of patients taking the same drug.

A

Drug idiosyncrasy

36
Q

A decreased response to a drug, requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect.

A

Drug tolerance

37
Q

A drug effect that occurs when the body has not fully metabolized a dose of a drug before the next dose is given

A

Cumulative drug effect

38
Q

A harmful drug effect if it is delivered in high dose or when blood concentration levels exceed therapeutic level
(as seen in patients with Liver or Kidney disease)

A

Toxic

39
Q

Drug Toxicity

May be reversible or irreversible depending on

A

organ/tissue damage

40
Q 
The dissolution of a drug. Usually applying to the breakdown
of tablets(Delayed release)
A

Pharmaceutic phase

41
Q

A reaction that occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone.

A

Additive drug reaction

42
Q

A drug interaction that occurs when drugs produce an

effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions

A

Synergism

43
Q

When one drug interacts with or interferes with the
action of another drug.

Ex: Antacid with oral tetracycline decrease
effectiveness of tetracycline.

A

Drug Interactions

44
Q

When one drug interferes with the action of another, causing neutralization or a decrease in the effect of one drug.

Ex: Protamine sulfate completely neutralizes the
effects of heparin.

A

Antagonist Drug Reaction

45
Q

Drug given orally, food may impair or enhance its absorption.

-ex: Proton Pump Inhibitor should be taken 1 hour before meals.

A

Drug - Food Interactions

46
Q

Pregnancy Drug Rating

B

A

No evidence of risk in studies

animal studies

47
Q

Pregnancy Drug Rating

C

A

Risk cannot be ruled out

48
Q

Pregnancy Drug Rating

D

A

Positive evidence of risk

benefits may outweigh the risk

49
Q

Pregnancy Drug Rating

X

A

Contraindicated in pregnancy

50
Q

Women require smaller dose due to differences in ____ and _____ compared to men

A

fat and water ratio

Pharmacy (30 decks)

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