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Pharmacy > Antihistamines/Decongestants. > Flashcards

Antihistamines/Decongestants. Flashcards

1
Q

What is Is a chemical created in the body. Produce vasodilation of arterioles and increased permeability of
capillaries and venule, which allows fluid to escape into the surrounding tissue
resulting in localized swelling.

A

Histamine

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2
Q

Highest amount of histamine is found in _____ and _____

A

basophils (WBC) and mast cells

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3
Q

1st generation antihistamines VS

2nd generation antihistamines

A

1st gen has increased side effects such as drowsiness since they cross the blood brain barrier.

2nd gen has fewer CNS side effects

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4
Q

H¹ - antihistamines work by binding to histamine H¹ receptors in mast cells,
smooth muscle, and endothelium in the body as well as in the in the brain in
order to prevent the release of histamine. They suppress the histamine-induced
______ and ______

A

wheal response (swelling) and flare response (vasodilation)

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5
Q

H¹- antihistamines are used to _______

A

treat allergic reactions

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6
Q

Can H¹- antihistamines also be used to treat insomnia, motion sickness, or vertigo

A

yes

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7
Q

H² - antihistamines bind to histamine H² receptors in the upper gastrointestinal
tract, primarily in the stomach.

Antihistamines that target the histamine H²
receptor are used to treat ________________

A

gastric acid conditions

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8
Q

Patients taking 1st generation antihistamines should be counseled to not operate ______, ______ or ______ while taking these medications

A

weapons, heavy machinery or motor vehicles

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9
Q

1st Generation or 2nd Generation

1) Diphenhydramine: Benadryl,
2) Hydroxyzine: Atarax
3) Promethazine: Phenergan

A

1st Generation

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10
Q

1st Generation or 2nd Generation

1) Cetirizine HCL: Zyrtec
2) Fexofenadine: Allegra
3) Loratadine: Claritin

A

2nd Generation

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11
Q

When a first-generation antihistamine is indicated for a pregnant women what one may be used?

A

Diphenhydramine

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12
Q

What medication is used for

  • Reduce swelling of nasal passages
  • Enhance drainage of sinuses
A

Decongestant

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13
Q

The active ingredients in most ingested decongestants are __________ or ________.

A

Pseudoephedrine

Phenylephrine

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14
Q 
What class would you use for common cold, hay fever or upper respiratory allergies, sinus congestion, and
pressure.
  1. Antihistamines
  2. Decongestant
A

Decongestant

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15
Q

Contraindications for what class?

(a) Use with caution in hypertension, DMII, and increased intraocular pressure.
(b) May worsen prostatic hyperplasia/urinary obstruction.
(c) Elderly may be more sensitive
(d) Pregnancy CAT C. Not recommended for use in pregnancy.
(e) Overuse of topical can cause rebound nasal congestion.
(f) Typically paired with an antihistamine.

A

Decongestants

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16
Q

Overuse of topical nasal decongestant can cause _________.

A

rebound nasal congestion

17
Q

Oxymetazoline HCL: Afrin is Notorious for causing rebound congestion when
used for more than ___ days consecutively.

A

3

18
Q

These drugs are from what class?
Oxymetazoline HCL
Pseudoephedrine: Sudafed
Phenylephrine

A

Decongestants

19
Q 
What type of class of bronchodilators?
Release stimulants and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamine’s. Beta² receptors are in bronchial smooth muscle and when stimulated cause relaxation (dilation) of bronchioles
A

Beta² Agonists

20
Q

What Class?
Reversible Airway Obstruction caused by bronchospasm due to bronchial asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm, bronchitis, emphysema, and other Obstructive pulmonary disease.

A

Beta² Agonists

21
Q 
What class of bronchodilator 
Antagonizes acetylcholine receptors, producing bronchodilation
A

Muscarinic Antagonists (a type of anticholinergic).

22
Q 
Use of what class of bronchodilator 
Symptomatic relief or prevention of bronchial asthma and the management of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  1. Beta2
  2. Muscarinic
A

Muscarinic

23
Q

Adverse effects of what class?

(a) Drowsiness or sedation /Flushed face (Red as beet).
(b) Blurred vision/mydriasis (Blind as Bat).
(c) Urinary retention (Stuffed as a pipe).
(d) Confusion or delirium (Mad as a hatter).
(e) Hallucinations (Mad as a hatter)
(f) Increased heart rate/Increased body temperature (Hot as a hare)
(g) Dry mouth ( Dry as Bone)

A

Muscarinic Antagonists, anticholinergic

24
Q

Should you use a muscarinic antagoinst/anticholinergic for someone who has Peptic ulcer, seizure, arrhythmias, and hyperthyroid

A

no

25
Q

Muscarinic antagoinst/anticholinergics are used with Caution for pts >__ years old

A

60

26
Q

What Type of Bronchodilators

1) Ipratropium: Atrovent
2) Tiotropium: Spiriva

A

Muscarinic

27
Q

What is dis?
Broncho constrictive substance released by the body during inflammation. Antagonist results in bronchodilation.

  1. Leukotriene
  2. Mast Cell Stabilizer
  3. Histamine
  4. Anti histamine
A

Leukotriene

28
Q

What is dis?
Inhibit the release of substances that cause bronchoconstriction and inflammation from the mast cells in the respiratory tract.

  1. Leukotriene
  2. Mast Cell Stabilizer
  3. Histamine
  4. Anti histamine
A

Mast Cell Stabilizer

29
Q

What class?

(a) Treatment of Asthma
(b) Treatment of COPD

Adverse effects
Headache, dizziness, unpleasant taste, and fatigue

A

Leukotriene Antagonist and Mast Cell Stabilizers

30
Q

What subclass?

Montelukast: Singular

A

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist

31
Q

What subclass?
Montelukast: Singular

  1. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
  2. Mast Cell Stabilizer
  3. Histamine
  4. Anti histamine
A

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist

32
Q 
What subclass?
Cromolyn: Nasalcrom
1. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
2.  Mast Cell Stabilizer
3. Histamine
4. Anti histamine
A

Mast Cell Stabilizer

33
Q

Action of what class of Bronchodilators

a) Produce profound and varied metabolic effects, in addition to modifying the normal immune response and suppressing inflammation.
(b) Decrease inflammatory process in the airway through inhibiting multiple different inflammatory cytokines.

A

Inhaled Corticosteroids

34
Q

________are used in the chronic management of reversible airway disease (asthma); intranasal and ophthalmic corticosteroids are used in the management of chronic allergic and inflammatory conditions.

  1. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
  2. Mast Cell Stabilizer
  3. Inhaled Corticosteroids
  4. Anti histamine
A

Inhaled Corticosteroids

35
Q

What subclass

(a) Budesonide: Pulmicort
(b) Fluticasone: Flovent

  1. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
  2. Mast Cell Stabilizer
  3. Inhaled Corticosteroids
  4. Anti histamine
A

Inhaled Corticosteroids

Pharmacy (30 decks)

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