Principles of pharmacology Flashcards
What are the four principles in pharmacokinetics?
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
What is the volume of distribution?
The extent to which a drug is distributed in tissue rather than in the blood.
What is absorption?
Movement of a drug into the systemic circulation from its site of administration.
What is distribution?
How a drug is compartmentalize throughout the body following absorption
What is metabolism?
Renders drugs in active or facilitates its eventual administration from the body
What is illumination?
A measure of the body’s ability to clear drugs from systemic circulation
How is bioavailability defined?
The quantity of drug reaching the systemic circulation divided by the quantity of drug administered
What is Cmax?
The maximum concentration of the drug.
What is Tmax?
The time it takes for the drug To reach its maximum concentration in the blood
What organs are involved in drug metabolism?
Kidneys, lungs, liver, and skin
What is biotransformation?
The name used to refer to the modifications made to the drugs by the CYP enzymes that make them more soluble in the blood.
What is elimination half-life?
The time required for the drug concentration in the plasma to decrease by half in the final elimination face when he drug is no longer being absorbed by the only eliminated.
How do orexagenic neurons work?
They release a Orexin in the hypothalamus of the brain to promote wakefulness.
When Orexin levels lowest?
When a person is asleep
When are Orexin levels highest?
When a person is awake
What are the week promoting neurons?
Orexin, serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine. These are neurons which express Orexin 1 and 2 receptors.
How does Daridorexant differ from other pharmacologic treatment for insomnia disorders?
It does not promote sleep by increasing the sedative effects of GABAeregic neurons and inhibits Orexin from stimulating wakefulness.
What are the receptors that Orexin A and Orexin B bind to?
Orexin–1 and a Orexin-2
What type of neurons inhibit weak promoting neurons to induce sleep?
GABAergic
In the brain, Daridorexant competitively binds and inhibits Orexin-1 and Orexin-2 receptors, which prevents what from binding? to these receptors
Orexin A and Orexin B
What makes dual orexin receptor antagonists like Daridorexant, different from other pharmacologic treatment for insomnia?
It does not promote sleep by increasing the sedative effects of GABA.
