Insomnia treatment marketplace Flashcards
How many classes of prescription drugs are there for insomnia?
5
1) Benzodiazepines
2) Z- drugs
3) Melatonin receptor agonists
4) Antidepressants
5) DORAs
What is a benzodiazepine?
A drug which slows down messages traveling between the brain and body. They are also minor tranquilizers usually prescribed by doctors to relieve stress and anxiety and help people sleep.
What are some common benzodiazepines?
Valium, Xanax, Halcion, Ativan, and Klonopin.
What is the mechanism of action for benzodiazepines?
They bind to the GABA-A receptor…. Thereby increases the affinity for the GABA to the GABA receptor site. This results in a reduction in anxiety and a greater feeling of calm.
What is GABA?
Gamma-aminobutyric acid…
It is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. It reduces neuron all activity of target cells through its binding to GABA receptors present on the cell surface.
What are Z-drugs?
Non-benzodiazepines often referred to as Z-drigs. They are a class of psychoactive drugs that are very benzodiazepine-like in nature.
What are some of the Z drugs
Lunesta (Eszopiclone), Sonata (Zaleplon), Ambien (Zolpidem), and Ambien CR (Zolpidem CR).
What is Z-drug mechanism of action?
They work by slowing down brain activity. They work on the central nervous system and directly affect the GABA receptors. GABA receptors produce natural sedative like effevts, so Z drugs in enhance the effects of GABA transmission, like benzodiazepines. This slows down activity in the brain and central nervous system and induces sleep.
What is a melatonin receptor agonist?
Analogoues of melatonin that bind to and activate the melatonin receptor. Agonists of the melatonin receptor have a number of therapeutic applications including treatment of sleep disorders and depression. Selectively target specific receptors in the brain that are responsible for controlling the bodies sleep wake cycle. He works by mimicking melatonin, a naturally occurring hormone that is produced during sleep.
What are some of the common melatonin receptor agonists?
Rozerem (Ramelteon) and Hetlioz (tasimelteon).
What is an agonist?
A substance that acts like another substance and therefore stimulates an action.
What is an anti-depressant?
Anti-depressants or medication’s that can help relieve symptoms of depression, social anxiety disorder, anxiety disorders, and seasonal affective disorder. 
How do antidepressants work?
They work by balancing chemicals in your brain called neurotransmitters that affect mood and emotions. These Depression medicines can help improve your mood, help you sleep better, and increase your appetite in concentration.
What is the name of a common antidepressant?
Silenor (doxepin)
What is a Dora?
Duel Orexin receptor antagonist
What is the Dora mechanism of action?
A type of sleep medication that blocks the effects of the neurotransmitter Orexin. Orexin is a neurotransmitter that produces wakefulness. DORAs bind to Orexin receptor-1 and Orecin receptor-2, blocking the effects of Orexin, reducing wakefulness, and helping people to sleep.
What are two doors?
Belsomra (Suvorexant) and Dayvigo (lemborexant)
What does DSM-5 stand for?
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
What is secondary insomnia?
When symptoms of insomnia arise from a primary medical illness, mental disorder, or other sleep disorders. It may also arise from the US, miss you, or exposure to certain substances.
What is primary insomnia?
Difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep or chronic non-restorative sleep which persists longer than three weeks despite having adequate opportunity for sleep and results in impaired daytime functioning
What is the definition of sleep maintenance?
Staying asleep for the desired or planned amount of time after initially falling asleep.
What is the a AASM?
American Academy of sleep medicine
