Intro To Insomnia Flashcards
What is Orexin?
A neuropeptide that is most active when a person is awake, and it actively decreases during non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep. It promotes wakefulness. Rapid shifts between wakefulness and sleep experienced by someone with narcolepsy can be attributed to the deficiency of Orexin
What is GABA?
A neuron which is thought to promote wakefulness.
GABAergic neurons inhibit Orexin to induce sleep.
What do histamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline have in common?
All of them promote wakefulness but GABA promotes sleep
What is serotonin?
Chemical messenger which promotes wakefulness and inhibits sleep
How is insomnia disorder defined?
Insomnia disorder is primarily characterized by prolonged periods of difficulty sleeping which negatively affect daytime function.
What is the most common criteria for the insomnia disorder?
Sleep difficulties are present for at least three nights per week and last for more than three months.
What are the comorbidities associated with insomnia?
Psychiatric disorders, medical disorders, substance abuse disorders, and neurologic disorders.
What is a psychiatric disorder?
Depression, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia.
What is a medical disorder?
Sleep apnea or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, rheumatic disorders, or chronic pain.
What is a substance use disorder?
Alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, marijuana, opioids, cocaine or other meta-amphetamines.
What is a neurologic disorder?
Neurodegenerative diseases, chronic pain disorders, and traumatic brain injury.
How much does insomnia cost in lost productivity?
$63 billion per year
What is the estimated total healthcare cost of insomnia in the US?
$100 billion each year
What is IDSIQ?
A diagnostic tool which evaluate the impact of insomnia and daytime functioning through 14 items categorized into three domains, including alert or cognition, mood, and sleepiness.
What is ISI?
A diagnostic tool which identifies sleep quality an impact on daily functioning through a seven item questionnaire that assesses a patient perception of insomnia on a scale of 0 to 28, with higher total scores indicated greater insomnia severity.
