Intro To Insomnia Flashcards
What is Orexin?
A neuropeptide that is most active when a person is awake, and it actively decreases during non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep. It promotes wakefulness. Rapid shifts between wakefulness and sleep experienced by someone with narcolepsy can be attributed to the deficiency of Orexin
What is GABA?
A neuron which is thought to promote wakefulness.
GABAergic neurons inhibit Orexin to induce sleep.
What do histamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline have in common?
All of them promote wakefulness but GABA promotes sleep
What is serotonin?
Chemical messenger which promotes wakefulness and inhibits sleep
How is insomnia disorder defined?
Insomnia disorder is primarily characterized by prolonged periods of difficulty sleeping which negatively affect daytime function.
What is the most common criteria for the insomnia disorder?
Sleep difficulties are present for at least three nights per week and last for more than three months.
What are the comorbidities associated with insomnia?
Psychiatric disorders, medical disorders, substance abuse disorders, and neurologic disorders.
What is a psychiatric disorder?
Depression, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia.
What is a medical disorder?
Sleep apnea or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, rheumatic disorders, or chronic pain.
What is a substance use disorder?
Alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, marijuana, opioids, cocaine or other meta-amphetamines.
What is a neurologic disorder?
Neurodegenerative diseases, chronic pain disorders, and traumatic brain injury.
How much does insomnia cost in lost productivity?
$63 billion per year
What is the estimated total healthcare cost of insomnia in the US?
$100 billion each year
What is IDSIQ?
A diagnostic tool which evaluate the impact of insomnia and daytime functioning through 14 items categorized into three domains, including alert or cognition, mood, and sleepiness.
What is ISI?
A diagnostic tool which identifies sleep quality an impact on daily functioning through a seven item questionnaire that assesses a patient perception of insomnia on a scale of 0 to 28, with higher total scores indicated greater insomnia severity.
What is PSQI?
It identify sleep quality in disturbances through the evaluation of 7 domains of sleep quality where the combined score ranges from 0 to 21 with higher scores indicating were sleep quality
What is in an Orexanergic neuron?
A wake-promoting neuron which releases two types of a neuropeptide that can maintain wakefulness and stabilize the transitions between wake and sleep.
What are common daytime symptoms of insomnia disorder?
Somnolence, memory/concentration impairments, changes in mood
Which medical condition is a safety concerns associated with a time symptoms of insomnia disorder?
Heart disease
What are some of the comorbid neurologic condition associated with insomnia disorder?
Nuro degenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, and chronic pain disorders
The DSM-V criterion A for insomnia disorders requires that the principal complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quality or quantity be associated with which aspects?
Difficulty initiating sleep, maintaining sleep, and or returning to sleep after early morning awakening
Which description matches the requirements of the DSM-5 Criterion B for insomnia disorder?
Sleeping difficulty causes clinically significant distress or impairment in daily function, such as social, occupational and behavioral functioning
Which domain of sleep quality is a valuated in the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)?
Daytime dysfunction
