Principles of Nutrition- Protein

Question 1

What is a macronutrient?

Answer 1

A type of food that we need lots of in our diet (i.e. proteins, fats & carbohydrates)

Question 2

What is the role of each macronutrient?

Answer 2

Protein- growth, repair & maintenance
Fat- energy, warmth, protection of organs & source of fat soluble vits
Carbohydrate- energy

Question 3

What is protein? Give examples

Answer 3

A type of macronutrient (i.e fish, meat, nuts & seeds)

Question 4

What are the uses of protein?

Answer 4

• Growth: body growth & growth specific body parts (i.e. muscles, hair & nails)
• Repair: fixing organs, muscles & tissues post-injury or illness
• Maintenance: producing antibodies, prevent illness & enzymes help digestion
• Secondary source of energy: if body doesn’t have enough carbs & fats, protein can be used as reserve energy source

Question 5

What are amino acids?

Answer 5

-The body’s ‘building blocks’, make up proteins

Question 6

What amino acids can out body produce?

Answer 6

• Human body only produces some types amino acids (non-essential)
• We must eat the ones our bodies can’t produce (essential)

Question 7

Name three essential amino acids

Answer 7

Leucine, lysine & valine

Question 8

Name three non-essential amino acids

Answer 8

Alanine, aspartic & glutamic acid

Question 9

Describe the properties of HBV proteins

Answer 9

• Contains all essential amino acids
• Predominately located in animal sources
• Soya beans also contain HBV proteins

Question 10

Describe the properties of LBV proteins

Answer 10

• Don’t contain all essential amino acids

- Only located in plant-based foods

Question 11

What is protein complementation?

Answer 11

• A way of making sure we get all the essential amino acids

- It involves combining various LBV proteins (i.e wholemeal bread & peanut butter)

Question 12

Name four protein alternatives

Answer 12

• Soya beans
• Mycoprotein
• Textured vegetable protein (TVP)
• Tofu