Principles of Evolution

Question 1

How does the “sexual deck” get shuffled twice in sexual reproduction? What are the advantages to this?

Answer 1

Crossover (meiosis) and fertilization
An increase in genetic variability means more variation in the species’ vulnerability to parasitic infection. It will be able to persist longer.

Question 2

Hermaphrodite

Answer 2

Having all organs
Plants are perfect (have pistils and stamen)
Useful when organisms are sessile

Question 3

Monecious

Answer 3

one house, two sexes

Question 4

Diecious

Answer 4

two houses, one for each sex

Question 5

Conditions for internal fertilization

Answer 5

sufficient energy and resources to support offspring growth
not an extreme environment
proximity to other individuals of the same species

Question 6

Conditions for external fertilization

Answer 6

windy environment or a body of water

in harsh/competitive environments, to avoid distraction

Question 7

Conditions for hermaphrodism

Answer 7

resource-scarce conditions
where energy needs to be conserved
not in proximity to other individuals of the same species

Question 8

Asexual reproduction

Answer 8

stable environments because mutation rarely occurs so it would be difficult to adapt to changing environments
individuals cannot expend a lot of energy on reproduction

Question 9

Biological Species Concept

Answer 9

Species are natural populations of potentially interbreeding individuals whose matings can produce viable, fertile offspring
For sexual reproduction
Species are genetically isolated from one another

Question 10

Founder effect

Answer 10

offspring is so different that it they can be categorized as a new species

Question 11

Genetic drift

Answer 11

variation in different genotypes due to birth, migration, or death