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PHARMACOLOGY PRELIMS > PRINCIPLES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION > Flashcards

PRINCIPLES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Right client
  2. Right medication
  3. Right dose
  4. Right route of administration
  5. Right time and frequency of delivery
  6. Right to refuse medication
  7. Right to receive drug education/health teaching
  8. Right preparation
  9. Right documentation
  10. Right drug evaluation
A

RIGHTS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

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2
Q
  1. Checking the drug with the MAR or the medication information system when removing it from the medication drawer, refrigerator, or controlled substance locker
A

3 CHECKS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

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3
Q
  1. Checking the drug when preparing it, pouring it, taking it out of the unit-dose container, or connecting the IV tubing to the bag
A

3 CHECKS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

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4
Q
  1. Checking the drug before administering it to the client
A

3 CHECKS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

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5
Q

Taking in medication in the manner prescribed by the practitioner or in the case of OTC drugs, following the instruction in the label.

A

COMPLIANCE

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6
Q

1.Enteral
2. Topical
3. Parenteral

A

ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

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7
Q

Drugs given orally and those administered through nasogastric or gastronomy tube.

A

Enteral

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8
Q

most, most convenient, and usually the least costly of all routes

A

ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION

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9
Q

safest route because the skin barrier is not compromised

A

ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION

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10
Q
  1. ENTERAL
  2. TOPICAL
A

ROUTE AND FORMS OF MEDICATION

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11
Q

 Oral solids
 Tablets
 Score tablets
 Enteric Coated Tablets
 Capsules
 Caplets
 Lozenges, pastilles, troches

A

ENTERAL

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12
Q
  • Tablets
  • Capsules
  • Caplets
  • Power and granules
  • Troches, lozenges, and pastilles
A

Oral solids

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13
Q

Compressed or molded substances to be swallowed whole, chewed before swallowing, or placed in the buccal pocket or under the tongue

A

Tablets

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14
Q

Tablets which can be divided

A

Score tablets

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15
Q

Tablets are designed to dissolve in the alkaline environment of the intestines

A

Enteric Coated Tablets

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16
Q

Substances encased in either a hard or a soft soluble container or gelatin shell that dissolves in the stomach

A

Capsules

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17
Q

Gelatin coated tablets that dissolve in the stomach

A

Caplets

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18
Q

Similar preparations of drugs designed to dissolve in the mouth.

Ex: Strepsils

A

Lozenges, pastilles, troches

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19
Q
  • Enemas
  • Douches
  • Suspensions
  • Emulsion
  • Syrups
  • Gargles
  • Mouthwashes
  • Nasal solutions
  • Optic and otic solutions
  • Elixirs
A

SOLUTIONS

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20
Q

Aqueous solution for rectal instillation

A

Enemas

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21
Q

Aqueous solution that functions as a cleansing or antiseptic agent that may be dispensed in a form of powder with directions for dissolving in a

A

Douches

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22
Q

specific quantity of warm water

A

Douches

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23
Q

Particle or powder substances that must be dissolved in a liquid (shaken vigorously) before administration

A

Suspensions

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24
Q

A two-phase system in which one liquid is dispersed in the form of small droplets throughout another liquid

A

Emulsion

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25
Q

Substances dissolved in a sugar liquid

A

Syrup

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26
Q

Non-aqueous solution that contain water varying alcohol content and glycerin or other sweeteners

A

Elixirs

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27
Q

Aqueous solution that may contain alcohol, glycerin and synthetic sweeteners and surface-active flavoring and color agents

A

Gargles/Mouthwashes

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28
Q
  1. Patches
  2. Ointments
  3. Pastes
  4. Suppositories
A

TOPICAL

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29
Q

Semi-solid substance for topical use

A

Ointments

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30
Q

semi-solid substance, thicker than an ointment, absorbed slowly

A

Pastes

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31
Q

Gelatin substance designed to dissolve when inserted in the rectum, urethra, or vagina

A

Suppositories

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32
Q

 Vials
 Ampules

A

Injectables

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33
Q

Drugs or dilution of drugs administered by the nasal or oral respiratory route for local or systemic effect

A

Inhalants

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34
Q
  1. Sublingual route
  2. Buccal route
  3. Oral route
A

ROUTES OF ADMINISTERING DRUGS

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35
Q

medication is placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve slowly

A

Sublingual route

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36
Q

rapid onset of action may occur because of the rich blood supply in this area.

A

Sublingual route

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37
Q

Tablet or capsule is placed in the oral cavity between the gum and cheek

A

Buccal route

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38
Q

Provides slower absorption

A

Buccal route

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39
Q

Safest, most convenient and least expensive method

A

Oral route

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40
Q

Slower acting than the other routes

A

Oral route

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41
Q

 Not given to clients who are vomiting, lacks gag reflex, or who are comatose

 Do not mix with large amount of food

 Do not mix with infant formula

A

GUIDELINES IN ADMINISTERING DRUGS THROUGH THE ORAL ROUTE

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42
Q

 Enteric coated and time released capsules must be swallowed whole to be effective

 Administer irritating drugs with food

 Administer on empty stomach if food interferes with absorption

A

GUIDELINES IN ADMINISTERING DRUGS THROUGH THE ORAL ROUTE

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43
Q

 Drugs given sublingually or buccally must remain in place until fully absorbed

 Encourage use of child resistant cap

A

GUIDELINES IN ADMINISTERING DRUGS THROUGH THE ORAL ROUTE

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44
Q

 Drugs directly applied to the skin are absorbed through the epidermal layer into the dermis where they create local effects or absorbed into the bloodstream

 Can be applied to the skin with a glove, tongue blade or cotton tipped applicator

A

GUIDELINES IN ADMINISTERING TOPICAL DRUGS

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45
Q

 Nurse must protect her own skin

 Do not contaminate the medication in a container

 Do not double dip

A

GUIDELINES IN ADMINISTERING TOPICAL DRUGS

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46
Q

Delivered into the alveoli of the lungs

A

Inhalants

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47
Q

 Permeability of the alveolar and vascular epithelium

 An abundant blood flows

 A very large surface area for absorption

A

Delivered into the alveoli of the lungs that promotes fast absorption due to

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48
Q

Medication is stored in a patch placed on the skin and absorbed through the skin, having a systemic effect

A

Transdermal

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49
Q

Are liquid medications usually administered as drops, ointment, or spray

A

Instillation

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50
Q

Used to treat local conditions of the eye and surrounding structures

A

Ophthalmic Administration

51
Q

Used to treat local conditions of the ear, including infections and soft blockages of the auditory canal

A

Otic Administration

52
Q

Used to deliver medications for treating local infections and to relieve vaginal pain and itching

A

Vaginal Administration

53
Q

Refers to the dispensing of medications by routes other than oral or topical

A

Parenteral Drug Administration

54
Q

Delivers drugs via a needle into the skin layers, subcutaneous tissue, muscles or veins

A

PARENTERAL ROUTE

55
Q
  • Intradermal
  • Subcutaneous
  • Intramuscular
  • Intravenous
A

PARENTERAL ROUTES

56
Q

Injection administered into the dermis layer of the skin

A

Intradermal route

57
Q

Sterile 1ml with gauge 26-27 needle

A

Intradermal route

58
Q
  • lightly pigmented
  • thinly keratinized and hairless
A

Preferred intradermal route Sites for injection

59
Q

Intradermal route Sites for injection

A

ventral mid-forearm
Clavicular area of the chest
scapular area of the back

60
Q

delivered for the deepest layer of the skin

A

Subcutaneous injection

61
Q

Outer part of the upper arms, in the area above the triceps muscle

A

Sites for injection of Subcutaneous Injection

62
Q

Middle 2/3 of the anterior thigh area

A

Sites for injection of Subcutaneous Injection

63
Q

Subscapular areas of the upper back

A

Sites for injection of Subcutaneous Injection

64
Q

Upper dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal areas

A

Sites for injection of Subcutaneous Injection

65
Q

Abdominal areas, above the iliac crest and below the diaphragm, 1.5 – 2inches out from the umbilicus

A

Sites for injection of Subcutaneous Injection

66
Q

delivers medication into specific muscles

A

Intramuscular injection

67
Q
  1. Ventrogluteal site
  2. Deltoid site
  3. Dorsogluteal site
  4. Vastus lateralis
A

Sites for Intramuscular Injection:

68
Q

most preferred site for IM injections. Slightly angle the needle toward the iliac crest

A

Ventrogluteal site

69
Q

Used in well-developed teens and adults for volumes of medication not to exceed 1ml

A

Deltoid site

70
Q

Place the needle at a 90degree angle to the skin or slightly toward the acromion.

A

Deltoid site

71
Q

Used for adults and for children who have been walking for at least 6months

A

Dorsogluteal site

72
Q

This site is safe as long as the nurse approximately locates the injection landmarks to avoid puncture or irritation of the sciatic nerve and blood vessels

A

Dorsogluteal site

73
Q

Place the needle at a 90degree angle to the skin in prone position

A

Dorsogluteal site

74
Q

Usually thick and well developed in both adults

A

Vastus lateralis

75
Q

Medications and fluids are administered directly into the bloodstream and are immediately available for use by the body

A

Intravenous (IV) Administration

76
Q

This is used when a very RAPID onset of action is desired

A

Intravenous (IV) Administration

77
Q

IV medications bypass the enzymatic process of the digestive system and first pass effect of the liver just like the other parenteral routes

A

Intravenous (IV) Administration

78
Q
  1. Large-Volume Infusion
  2. Intermittent Infusion
  3. IV Bolus (push) Administration
A

3 BASIC TYPES OF IV ADMINISTRATION

79
Q

For fluid maintenance, replacement or supplementation

A

Large-Volume Infusion

80
Q

Compatible drugs maybe mixed into a large volume IV container with fluids like normal saline or ringer’s lactate

A

Large-Volume Infusion

81
Q

Small amount of IV solution that is arranged tandem with a piggybacked to the primary large-volume infusion

A

Intermittent Infusion

82
Q

Used to instill adjunct medications, such as antibiotics or analgesics over a short period of time

A

Intermittent Infusion

83
Q

Concentrated dose delivered directly to the circulation via syringe to administer single-dose medications

A

IV Bolus (push) Administration

84
Q

This can be given through an intermittent injection port or by direct IV push

A

IV Bolus (push) Administration

85
Q

offers the fastest onset of drug action, it is also the most dangerous.

A

IV route

86
Q

these pxs must be closely monitored for adverse reaction that may occur immediately, or it takes hours or days to appear. Antidote of the drugs must be readily available.

A

Patient receiving IV injections

87
Q

What drug is ordered

A

MEDICATION KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING, AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE NURSE

88
Q
  • STAT order
  • Single order
  • Standing order
  • PRN order
A

DRUG ORDERS AND TIME SCHEDULES

89
Q

Indicates that the medication is to be given immediately and only once

A

STAT order

90
Q

It is often associated with emergency medications that are needed for life threatening situations

A

STAT order

91
Q

Examples: Morphine sulfate 10mg IV STAT

A

STAT order

92
Q

Should be available for administration to the client within 30minutes of the written order

A

ASAP (as soon as possible) order

93
Q

A drug that is to be given only once and at a specific time, such as pre-operative order

A

Single order

94
Q

Example: Secosonal 100mg at bedtime before surgery

A

Single order

95
Q

May or may not have a termination date

A

Standing order

96
Q

May be carried out indefinitely until an order is written to cancel

A

Standing order

97
Q
  • Example: Multiple vitamins, 1 tab daily
  • Or maybe carried out for a specified number of days; KCI 1 tablet, 2x per day X 2 days
A

Standing order

98
Q

Or as needed order

A

PRN order

99
Q

Administered as required by the client condition

A

PRN order

100
Q

Example: Mefenamic acid 500mg Q6 for pain

A

PRN order

101
Q

Usually carried out within 2hrs of the time the order is written by the physician

A

Routine orders

102
Q

This are the order not written as STAT, ASAP, NOW, or PRN

A

Routine orders

103
Q
  • Full name of the client
  • Date and time the order is written
  • Name of the drug to be administered
  • Dosage of the drug
  • Frequency of administration
  • Route of administration
  • Signature of the person writing the order
A

ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A MEDICATION ORDER

104
Q

A drug is written on the client’s chart by a primary care provider

A

COMMUNICATING A MEDICATION ORDER

105
Q

medication order

A

copied by the nurse in the medication administration record (MAR) and in most institutions in the country in the medication card and other sheet in the client’s chart

106
Q
  • Descriptive information about the client
  • Date on which the prescription was written
  • The RX symbol (take thou)
  • Medication, name, dosage, strength
  • Route of administration
A

PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION

107
Q
  • Dispensing instructions for the pharmacist
  • Direction for administration to be given to the client “one table with meals”
  • Refill and/or special labelling
  • Prescribers signature
A

PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION

108
Q
  1. Drug Administration during Pregnancy and Lactation
  2. Drug Administration among Pediatric Clients
  3. Drug Administration among Older Adults
A

CONSIDERATIONS IN DRUG ADMINISTRATIONS ON SPECIAL AGE GROUP

109
Q

Exercise great caution when initiating pharmacotherapy during pregnancy

A

Drug Administration during Pregnancy and Lactation

110
Q

In all cases, healthcare practitioners evaluate the therapeutic benefits of a given medication against its potential adverse effects

A

Drug Administration during Pregnancy and Lactation

111
Q

Knowledge of growth and development Is essential

A
  1. Drug Administration among Pediatric Clients
112
Q

Oral medications are usually prepared sweetened or flavored in liquid form to make it more palatable

A
  1. Drug Administration among Pediatric Clients
113
Q

Parents may provide which method is best for their child

A
  1. Drug Administration among Pediatric Clients
114
Q

The nurse should need to acknowledge that pain sensation may be felt

A
  1. Drug Administration among Pediatric Clients
115
Q

Accurate computation is necessary

A
  1. Drug Administration among Pediatric Clients
116
Q

May have physiological changes associated with aging that influence medication administration or effectiveness

A
  1. Drug Administration among Older Adults
117
Q

May enhance the possibility of cumulative effects and toxicity

A
  1. Drug Administration among Older Adults
118
Q

Possibility of medication errors increase

A
  1. Drug Administration among Older Adults
119
Q

More medications taken leads to problem of drug interaction

A
  1. Drug Administration among Older Adults
120
Q

Usually requires smaller doses of drug

A
  1. Drug Administration among Older Adults
121
Q

Reactions to medications may be bizarre or unexpected

A
  1. Drug Administration among Older Adults
122
Q

Attitude of older adults towards medical care vary

A
  1. Drug Administration among Older Adults
123
Q

Nurse needs to develop simple, realistic plan for clients to follow if drugs are to be taken at home

A
  1. Drug Administration among Older Adults

PHARMACOLOGY PRELIMS (5 decks)

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