Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHARMACOLOGY PRELIMS > INTRO TO PHARMA > Flashcards

INTRO TO PHARMA Flashcards

1
Q

First began when a human first used ____to relieve symptoms of disease

A

plants (herbal medicine).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

recorded the earliest surviving “prescriptions” on clay tablets in 3000 BC.

A

Babylonians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

recorded the Pen Tsao (Great Herbal), a 40-volume compendium of plant remedies dating to 2700 BC

A

Chinese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(Great Herbal), a 40-volume compendium of plant remedies

A

Pen Tsao

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chinese recorded the Pen Tsao (Great Herbal), a 40-volume compendium of plant remedies

A

2700 BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Babylonians recorded the earliest surviving “prescriptions” on clay tablets

A

3000 BC.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

earliest surviving prescriptions

A

clay tablets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

archived their remedies on a document known as Eber’s Papyrus.

A

Egyptians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Egyptians archived their remedies on a document known as Eber’s Papyrus.

A

1500 B.C.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

an ancient medical document that contains over 842 remedies for illnesses and injuries

A

Eber’s Papyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Eber’s Papyrus contains over ____ remedies for illnesses and injuries

A

842

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pharmacologia sen Manuductio and Materiam Medicum is by

A

Samuel Dale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

first recorded reference to the word pharmacology was found

A

Pharmacologia sen Manuductio and Materiam Medicum by Samuel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Samuel Dale’s Pharmacologia sen Manuductio and Materiam Medicum

A

1963

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

study of herbal medicines. A term that persisted into the early 20th century.

A

Materia Medica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Materia Medica is a term that persisted into the ____

A

early 20th century.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Modern Pharmacology Started in

A

early 1800’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chemists isolate these active agents’

A

morphine, colchicine, cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

During this time, chemists isolate active agents’

A

Modern Pharmacology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

isolated morphine from opium

A

Frederich Serturner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Frederich Serturner isolated morphine from opium

A

1805

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

first department of pharmacology was established. in

A

Estonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

first department of pharmacology was established. in Estonia in

A

1847

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

father of American pharmacology and founded first pharmacology department in the United States at the University in Michigan 1890.

A

John Jacob Abel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

John Jacob Abel founded first pharmacology department in the

A

United States at the University in Michigan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

John Jacob Abel founded first pharmacology department in

A

1890

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hundreds of new drugs can be synthesized and tested for a short time.

A

20th Century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

It became possible to understand how drugs produced their effects, down to their molecular mechanism of action.

A

20th Century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Derived from two Greek words: Pharmacon means “medicine” and Logos means “study”.

A

Pharmacology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Study of medicine

A

Pharmacology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention of disease and treatment of suffering.

A

Therapeutics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Application of drugs for the purpose of disease prevention and treatment of suffering

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q
  1. Drugs or Medications
  2. Biologics
  3. Complementary and Alternative Therapies
A

Classification of Therapeutics Agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

chemical agent capable of producing biological responses within the body

A

Drugs or Medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

responses may be desirable (therapeutic) or undesirable (adverse).

A

Drugs or Medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

refers to response after a treatment of any kind, the result of which are judged to be useful or favorable.

A

Therapeutic Effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention

A

Adverse Effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Are agents naturally produced in animal cells by microorganism or by the body itself.

A

Biologics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Used to treat wide variety of illness

A

Biologics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

•Natural plant extracts
• Herbs
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Dietary supplement

A

Complementary and Alternative Therapies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

➢ Acupuncture
➢Hypnosis/Hypnotherapy
➢ Biofeedback
➢ Therapeutic Massage

A

Complementary and Alternative Therapies EXAMPLES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

treats patients by insertion and manipulation of needles.

A

Acupuncture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Minimally invasive method to stimulate nerve-rich areas of the skin surface to influence tissues, organs, and various functions of the body

A

Acupuncture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Mental state (state theory) or imaginative role-enactment (non-state theory).

A

Hypnosis/Hypnotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Induced by a procedure known as hypnotic induction, which is commonly composed of a long series of preliminary instructions and suggestions

A

Hypnosis/Hypnotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Measurement of physiological responses that yields information about the relationship between the mind and the body and helps clients learn how to manipulate those responses through mental activity.

A

Biofeedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Application of pressure and motion by the hands with the intent of improving the recipient’s well-being.

A

Therapeutic Massage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q
  1. Plants
  2. Animals
  3. Minerals and mineral products
  4. Chemical substances
A

Sources of Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

digitalis, opium, belladonna

A

Plant Source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

epinephrine, insulin

A

Animals Source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

iron

A

Minerals and mineral products Source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

made in the laboratory.

A

Chemical substances Source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q
  1. Prescription drugs
  2. OTC
  3. Investigational Drugs
  4. Illicit or “Street” Drugs
A

Classification of Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q
  • Prescribe by a doctor
  • Bought in the pharmacy
  • Prescribed and intended to be used by one person
A

Prescription drugs

55
Q

An order of medication or other forms of therapy which specifies precisely the name of the drug and the dosage regimen to be used by the client or patient for whom it may concern.

A

Prescription

56
Q
  1. Order must be given
  2. HCP can examine the client
  3. Dx is established
  4. Practitioner can order for the proper dug and can control the amt and frqncy.
  5. Client can be taught how to use the drug and its side effects.
A

Prescription drugs

57
Q

Does not require a physician’s order

58
Q

They may treat themselves safely if they carefully follow instructions included in the medication.

59
Q

Subjected to clinical studies to evaluate the usefulness of the drug in treating the disease for which it is claimed to be effected

A

Investigational Drugs

60
Q

These drugs are used and or distributed illegally

A

Illicit or “Street” Drugs

61
Q

Heroin, stimulants, cocaine, marijuana

A

Examples of Illicit or “Street” Drugs

62
Q
  1. Formulary
  2. U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP)
A

Drug Regulations and Standards

63
Q

List of drugs and drug recipes

64
Q

First standard commonly used by pharmacist

65
Q

Medical reference summarizing standards of drug purity, strength, and direction for synthesis

A

U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP)

66
Q

The first comprehensive publication of drug standards in US, was established in 1820.

A

U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP)

67
Q

U.S. Pharmacopoeia was established in

68
Q

Regulatory Acts, Standards, and Organizations

A
  1. Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD)
  2. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
69
Q

Was created under the Philippines Department of Health as the regulatory and enforcement organization for all food, drug, cosmetic, and related products.

A

Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD)

70
Q

Was officially established as an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

A

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

71
Q
  1. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)
  2. Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER)
A

Branches of the FDA

72
Q

Branch of the FDA, exercises control over whether prescription drugs and OTC drugs may be used for therapy

73
Q

Branch of FDA, that regulates the use of biologics including serums, vaccines, and blood products.

74
Q
  1. Preclinical Investigation
  2. Clinical Investigation
  3. Review of the New Drug Application (NDA)
  4. Post marketing Surveillance
A

4 Phases of Therapeutic Drugs and Biologics

75
Q

Involves extensive laboratory research

A

Preclinical Investigation

76
Q

Studies performed in several species of animals to examine the drugs’ effectiveness at different doses and to look for adverse effects

A

Preclinical Investigation

77
Q

The second stage of drug testing, takes place in 3 different stages termed clinical phase trials

A

Clinical Investigation

78
Q

The longest part of the drug approval access

A

Clinical Investigation

79
Q

Third stage of the drug approval process

A

Review of the New Drug Application (NDA)

80
Q

This stage, clinical phase III trials and animals may continue depending on the results obtained from the preclinical testing.

A

Review of the New Drug Application (NDA)

81
Q

The final stage of the drug approval process begins after clinical trials and the NDA review have been completed

A

Post marketing Surveillance

82
Q

The purpose of this stage is to survey for harmful drug effects in a larger population

A

Post marketing Surveillance

83
Q

➢ Therapeutic Classification
➢ Pharmacological Classification
➢ Mechanism of Action

A

Drug Classes and Schedule

84
Q

organizing drugs based on their therapeutic usefulness in treating a particular disease.

A

Therapeutic Classification

85
Q

refers to the way an agent works at the molecular, tissue, and body system level.

A

Pharmacological Classification

86
Q

how drugs produce its effect in the body.

A

Mechanism of Action

87
Q

Influence blood clotting

A

Anticoagulant

88
Q

Lower blood cholesterol

A

Antihyperlipidemics

89
Q

Lower blood pressure

A

Antihypertensive

90
Q

treat angina

A

Antianginals

91
Q

restore normal cardiac rythym

A

Antidysrythmics

92
Q
  1. Anticoagulant
  2. Antihyperlipidemic
  3. Antihypertensive
  4. Antianginals
  5. Antidysrhythmic
A

ex according to Therapeutic Classification

93
Q
  1. Diuretic
  2. Calcium Channel Blocker
  3. Angiotensin Converting enzyme inhibitor
  4. Adrenergic-antagonist (blocker)
  5. Vasodilator
A

ex according to Pharmacological Classification

94
Q

Lowers Plasma Volume

95
Q

Blocks heart calcium channels

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

96
Q

Blocks hormonal activity

A

Angiotensin Converting enzyme inhibitor

97
Q

Blocks physiologic reax to stress

A

Adrenergic-antagonist (blocker)

98
Q

Dilates peripheral blood vessels

A

Vasodilator

99
Q

Helpful in predicting a substance physical and chemical properties

A

Chemical Name

100
Q

Conveys clear and concise meaning about the nature of the drug, they are often complicated and difficult to remember or pronounce

A

Chemical Name

101
Q

Describes the drug’s chemical nature

A

Chemical Name

102
Q

o Lithium carbonate
o Calcium gluconate
o Sodium chloride

A

Chemical Name examples

103
Q

Less complicated and easier to remember

Usually, lower cased

A

Generic Name

104
Q

Only one generic name for each drug, health care providers often use this name

A

Generic Name

105
Q

Is the official nonproprietary name for the drug.

A

Generic Name

106
Q

Assigned by the company marketing the drug

A

Trade Name/Brand Name

107
Q

Also called proprietary or product or brand name

A

Trade Name/Brand Name

108
Q

Usually capitalized

A

Trade Name/Brand Name

109
Q

contains more than one active generic ingredients.

A

Combination drug

110
Q

Combination drug

A

Trade Name/Brand Name

111
Q

Physiological ability of the drug to reach its target cells and produce its effects.

A

Bioavailability

112
Q

Drug whose use is restricted by the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.

A

Controlled Substance

113
Q

Controlled Substance use is restricted by

A

Controlled Substances Act of 1970.

114
Q

generally a drug or chemical whose manufacture, possession, or use are regulated by a government

A

Control substance

115
Q

refers to the overwhelming feeling that drives someone to use drugs repeatedly

116
Q

physiological or psychological need for a substance.

A

Dependence

117
Q

refers to an altered physical condition caused by the adaptation of the nervous system to repeat drug use

A

Physical Dependence

118
Q

the individual expresses physical signs of discomfort when the drug is no longer available.

A

Withdrawal

119
Q

the individual feels an intense compelling desire to continue drug use.

A

Psychologically Dependent

120
Q

Drugs that have a significant potential for abuse.

A

Scheduled Drugs

121
Q

Therap use is limited or none

122
Q

Therapeutically used w/ precription

123
Q

Therapeutically used w/o precription

124
Q

Highest, high,high

125
Q

high, high. high

126
Q

Mod, mod, high

127
Q

lower, lower, lower

128
Q

lowest, lowest, lowest

129
Q

Heroin
Isd
Marijuana
Methaqualone

A

DS 1 examples

130
Q

Morphine
Cocaine
Methadone
Methamphetamines’

A

DS 2 examples

131
Q

Steroids
Codeine
Hydrocodone w/ aspirin or Tylenol
Some barbiturates

A

DS 3 examples

132
Q

Dextropropoxyphene
Pentazocine
Meprobamate
Diazepam
Alprazolam

A

DS 4 examples

133
Q

OTC
Cough meds w/ codeine

A

DS 5 examples

PHARMACOLOGY PRELIMS (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions