Principles of Confidentiality and Truthfulness

Question 1

Any social relationship depends on __________, however telling everything could lead to disaster.

Answer 1

Truthful communication

Question 2

True or False: Telling the truth is not the same as telling the whole truth.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or False: It is difficult to decide what may be ethically concealed and what must be revealed.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

It is communicating something which is at odds with what the speaker believed to be true.

Answer 4

Lie

Question 5

Understood be wrong.

Answer 5

Lie

Question 6

Examination of the nature and range of reasonable expectations.

Answer 6

Revised definition of lying

Question 7

The three factors: determine the reasonableness of the __________, are part specifications of the __________ and to ____________ by a proportional good.

Answer 7

Expectation of truth
Obligation to minimize evil
Justify the tolerance of evil

Question 8

No reasonable expectation of the truth if the communication will take place in circumstances where other people can overhear the conversation

Answer 8

Place of communication

Question 9

Types of communicators:

Answer 9

– The doctor
– The patient
– The relative
– The public

Question 10

In a __________, the relationship is confidential, and the obligation to confidentiality changes expectations

Answer 10

counseling

Question 11

People do not ordinarily have a __________ that a health care provider will tell them the truth about anyone but themselves

Answer 11

reasonable expectations

Question 12

True or False: It is not a lie to conceal the truth, although it may be unethical for other reasons

Answer 12

True

Question 13

No one is asking about the information

Answer 13

Volunteering information

Question 14

It is the person who wants to tell the information

Answer 14

Volunteering information

Question 15

It creates the reasonable expectation of the truth.

Answer 15

Volunteering information

Question 16

Health care workers who uses media to spread medical news must:

Answer 16

Must be accurate
Must give full disclosure
Must enjoy editorial independence

Question 17

It is necessary to avoid conflict of interests that might result from dependence on a drug company or censorship by an editor

Answer 17

Independence

Question 18

a “look-alike” pill that has no pharmacologic effect that is given for psychological effect, or as a control in research evaluating the efficacy of a study drug.

Answer 18

Placebo

Question 19

Sugar pill

Answer 19

Placebo

Question 20

Drugs with active pharmacological properties have enhanced effects because the patients believe in them

Answer 20

Placebo effect

Question 21

in industrial psychology, merely paying attention to the worker increases productivity and cooperation. Same as in placebo.

Answer 21

Hawthorne effect

Question 22

__________ has been found to have an effect in the immune system and even produce addiction

Answer 22

Placebo

Question 23

The effect of drugs depend not only on their pharmacologic properties but also on the ________ of the user and the setting in which the drug was taken.

Answer 23

mental set

Question 24

Although the ___________ may make important contributions to patient care, a physician must not rely on that effect

Answer 24

placebo effect

Question 25

When placebo is overpriced and used in place of the standard of treatment. Failure to use accepted treatment when it is called for is _________.

Answer 25

malpractice

Question 26

_________ is condemned as a form of theft.

Answer 26

Overpricing

Question 27

It is wrong to tell falsehoods in situations in which there is reasonable expectation of truth

Answer 27

Truthfulness

Question 28

The expectation of truth varies according to the ________, the ___________ , and the ____________.

Answer 28

place of communication
roles of communicators
nature of the material being communicated

Question 29

concerned with a matter of keeping secret

Answer 29

Confidentiality

Question 30

is information that a person has a right or obligation to conceal

Answer 30

Secret

Question 31

Type of obligatory secrets :

Answer 31

1. Natural secret
2. Promised secret
3. Professional secret

Question 32

So named because the information involved is by its nature, harmful if revealed

Answer 32

natural secret

Question 33

Knowledge that we have promised to conceal

Answer 33

promised secret

Question 34

The special evil of revealing promised secrets arises from the harmful effects of ___________.

Answer 34

breaking promises

Question 35

However, like the natural secret, there may be _____________ for revealing the secret

Answer 35

proportionate reasons

Question 36

A secret, if revealed, will harm not only the professional’s client but will do serious harm to the profession and to the society that depends on that profession for important services

Answer 36

professional secret

Question 37

“privileged information”

Answer 37

professional secret

Question 38

A physician cannot disclose information learned in confidence from a patient unless the patient gives permission

Answer 38

Privileged information

Question 39

____________ is the MOST serious of all secrets because its violation can cause the greatest harm.

Answer 39

Professional secret

Question 40

need access to diagnosis and treatment of the patient

Answer 40

Health insurance

Question 41

will need to go through the work ups done and has access to the patient’s records

Answer 41

billing office

Question 42

Referrals to other health professionals

Answer 42

confidentiality and consultation

Question 43

Special cases:

Answer 43

• Media publicity and confidentiality
• Children and adolescence
• Hospital records, research and confidentiality