Principles of Combustion

Question 1

assumes the latent heat of vaporization of water in the reaction products is not recovered

Answer 1

LHV (NCV)

Question 2

it is non-combustible and acts as diluent

Answer 2

nitrogen

Question 3

it is the highest concentration at which a mixture of flammable vapor or gas and air is flammable

Answer 3

Upper Flammability Limit (UFL)

Question 4

orsat apparatus components

Answer 4

burette, gas cleaner, three absorption pipettes

Question 5

flame color of complete combustion

Answer 5

blue roaring

Question 6

it is the lowest temperature at which there will be enough flammable vapor to ignite when
an ignition source is applied

Answer 6

flash point

Question 7

it is the lowest temperature at which a volatile material will be vaporized into a gas that ignites without the help of any external flame or ignition source.

Answer 7

autoignition temperature

Question 8

this should be high enough to ignite and maintain ignition of the fuel

Answer 8

temperature

Question 9

Contains caustic soda (KOH) to absorb carbon dioxide

Answer 9

pipette 1

Question 10

it acts as an oxidizer in the combustion
reaction

Answer 10

oxygen

Question 11

orsat analysis process

Answer 11

1. absorption of CO2
2. absorption of O2
3. absorption of CO

Question 12

three requirements for combustion to take place

Answer 12

fuel, oxygen, and heat

Question 13

sufficient for complete combustion

Answer 13

time

Question 14

Contains an acid solution of ammoniacal cuprous chloride to absorb carbon monoxide

Answer 14

pipette 3

Question 15

all water formed by combustion in HHV is a

Answer 15

liquid

Question 16

the amount of heat released by a specified quantity (initially at 25°C) once it is combusted and the products have returned to a temperature of 25°C

Answer 16

HHV (GCV)

Question 17

What is the heat released during combustion called?

Answer 17

heat of combustion

Question 18

Contains an alkaline solution of pyrogallic acid to absorb oxygen

Answer 18

pipette 2

Question 19

intimate mixing of the fuel and oxygen

Answer 19

turbulence

Question 20

it is the lowest concentration at which a mixture of flammable vapor or gas and air is flammable

Answer 20

Lower Flammability Limit (LFL)

Question 21

in orsat analysis, the flue gas is being analyzed in a measuring device called

Answer 21

orsat apparatus

Question 22

What is the minimum concentration of oxygen required to produce a flammable event?

Answer 22

Limiting Oxygen Concentration (LOC)

Question 23

it is possible only in the presence of an adequate supply of oxygen

Answer 23

complete combustion

Question 24

the amount of heat released by
combusting a specified quantity
(initially at 25°C) and returning the
temperature of the combustion
products to 150°C

Answer 24

LHV (NCV)

Question 25

it is higher than the flash point

Answer 25

autoignition temperature

Question 26

These values are used as a basis for comparing the heating value of fuels

Answer 26

heat of combustion

Question 27

it is the amount of heat released when a given amount of a combustible pure substance is burned to form incombustible products

Answer 27

heat of combustion

Question 28

it is a by-product of burning hydrogen

Answer 28

water vapor

Question 29

it is one of the most common elements on earth making up 20.9% of our air.

Answer 29

O2

Question 30

A measurement of the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide in a mixture of gases

Answer 30

orsat analysis

Question 31

When complete combustion is achieved with theoretical air, the products contain?

Answer 31

no oxygen

Question 32

it is generally used in industries to generate heat to supply energy to the process industries.

Answer 32

combustion

Question 33

What is the process called when hydrocarbons burn completely, producing only CO2 and H2O?

Answer 33

complete combustion

Question 34

all water formed by combustion in LHV is a

Answer 34

vapor

Question 35

wet conditions means the gas is saturated with water vapor at?

Answer 35

STP

Question 36

the mixture of gases resulting from combustion and other reactions in a furnace, passing off through the smoke flue

Answer 36

flue gas / stack gas / exhaust gas

Question 37

it is the ease with which a material is ignited, the intensity with which it burns and releases heat once ignited, its tendency to spread fire, and the rate at which it generates smoke and toxic combustion products during gasification and burning.

Answer 37

flammability

Question 38

it is the minimum amount of oxygen required for the complete combustion of all the carbon, hydrogen, and any other elements in the fuel that may oxidize

Answer 38

theoretical oxygen

Question 39

products of complete combustion

Answer 39

water and carbon dioxide

Question 40

What are the three T's that are essential to achieve efficient combustion?

Answer 40

Temperature, Turbulence, and Time

Question 41

amount of air supplied in excess over the theoretical air

Answer 41

excess air

Question 42

it is the process of burning fuel

Answer 42

combustion

Question 43

amount of air that contains the exact amount of theoretical oxygen

Answer 43

theoretical air

Question 44

incomplete combustion products

Answer 44

carbon monoxide and soot, and sometimes hydrogen gas

Question 45

takes into account the latent heat of vaporization of water in the combustion products

Answer 45

HHV (GCV)

Question 46

it involves absorption of the gases onto materials contained in pipette tubes

Answer 46

orsat analysis

Question 47

this refers to the rapid oxidation of fuel accompanied by the production of heat, or heat and light.

Answer 47

combustion