Liquid Fuels

Question 1

it is a measure of the anti-knock quality of gasoline

Answer 1

octane number

Question 2

Liquid hydrocarbon fuels are commonly
derived from?

Answer 2

crude oil

Question 3

it is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials

Answer 3

crude oil

Question 4

it is the lowest temperature at which it will pour or flow when cooled under prescribed conditions

Answer 4

pour point

Question 5

it is a refinery operation that blends different component streams into various grades of petroleum product

Answer 5

blending

Question 6

use of heating to break molecular bonds

Answer 6

thermal cracking

Question 7

advantages of liquid fuels

Answer 7

• less space
• higher calorific value
• nearly constant calorific value
• easy control of consumption
• staff economy
• absence of danger from spontaneous combustion
• easy handling and transpo
• cleanliness
• no ash problem
  non-deterioration of the oil in storage

Question 8

it is the most important characteristic in the storage and use of fuel oil

Answer 8

viscosity

Question 9

light petroleum distillates

Answer 9

naphthas

Question 10

The heavy heating oil has high viscosity, which
requires heating up to temperatures of?

Answer 10

65-90 degree celsius

Question 11

other examples of spirits

Answer 11

alcohols, benzole, alcogas or gasohol

Question 12

it is a combustible liquid used as fuel for
diesel engines

Answer 12

diesel

Question 13

disadvantages of liquid fuels

Answer 13

• higher cost
• greater risk of fire
• costly containers

Question 14

very rough indication of the lowest temperature at which fuel oil is readily pumpable

Answer 14

pour point

Question 15

mixture of nearly 400 different types of hydrocarbons

Answer 15

gasoline

Question 16

properties of liquid fuels

Answer 16

• specific gravity
• specific heat
• sulfur content
• viscosity
• pour point
• flash point
• carbon residue

Question 17

Liquid fuels may be divided into two main
classes

Answer 17

lights oils / spirits and heavy oils

Question 18

The Gasoline is liquid at room temperature with boiling range approximately of

Answer 18

35-315 degree celsius

Question 19

these are suitable for spark ignition engine

Answer 19

petrol
alcohol
benzole
gasoline

Question 20

an energy-dense secondary fuel that can be thought of as an energy currency

Answer 20

gasoline

Question 21

these are commonly derived from crude oil through distillation and cracking processes

Answer 21

liquid hydrocarbon fuels

Question 22

it is a process by which long-chain hydrocarbons are broken up into smaller
molecules.

Answer 22

cracking

Question 23

The next higher fractions of petroleum oil, shale oil and synthetic oil, generally included in the class of oils known as?

Answer 23

paraffin, kerosene, naphtha

Question 24

it is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of oil by 1°C

Answer 24

specific heat

Question 25

use of a bed of catalyst to break the molecular bonds

Answer 25

catalytic cracking

Question 26

is the lowest temperature at which the fuel can be heated so that the vapour gives off flashes momentarily when an open flame is passed over it

Answer 26

flash point

Question 27

used to power many heat engines, most importantly it acts as a fuel for a large proportion of cars

Answer 27

gasoline

Question 28

separates high-boiling-point heavier hydrocarbons from light hydrocarbons with lower boiling points

Answer 28

fractional distillation

Question 29

Liquid hydrocarbon fuels are commonly derived from crude oil through?

Answer 29

distillation and cracking processes

Question 30

It has hydrogen to carbon ratio varying from?

Answer 30

1.7-2

Question 31

determines how much steam or electrical energy it takes to heat oil to a desired temperature

Answer 31

specific heat

Question 32

liquid fuels can also be obtained from

Answer 32

coal tar oil shale biomass sand

Question 33

It is the ratio of the density of the fuel to the density of water

Answer 33

specific gravity

Question 34

it indicates the tendency of oil to deposit a carbonaceous solid residue on a hot surface

Answer 34

carbon residue

Question 35

three stages of refining

Answer 35

separation conversion treating

Question 36

it is a measure of its internal resistance to flow

Answer 36

viscosity

Question 37

it is another process whereby light petroleum distillates (naphthas) are contacted with a platinum-containing catalyst at elevated temperatures and hydrogen pressures for the purpose of raising the octane number of the hydrocarbon feed stream

Answer 37

conversion

Question 38

n-heptane

Answer 38

C7H16

Question 39

lights fractions obtained by?

Answer 39

distilling or cracking natural petroleum oils, hydrogenation of coal, coal tar, or heavy oil residues, and synthesis of hydrocarbons by the Fischer Tropsch Process

Question 40

also known as petrol

Answer 40

gasoline

Question 41

residue after atmospheric distillation of crude oil

Answer 41

mazut

Question 42

suitable for jet engines

Answer 42

paraffin, kerosene, naphtha

Question 43

molecular formula of gasoline

Answer 43

C8H18

Question 44

it is defined as the hydrogen that uses oxygen from air for combustion

Answer 44

net hydrogen

Question 45

these are suitable for use with internal combustion engines and jet engines

Answer 45

light oils / spirits

Question 46

iso-octane

Answer 46

C8H18

Question 47

Most liquid fuels are mixtures of hydrocarbons for which compositions are usually given in terms of?

Answer 47

mass fractions

Question 48

Diesel is a mixture of a large number of hydrocarbons, which generally boil within the temperature range of 150 to 390oC

Answer 48

150-390 degree celsius

Question 49

it is the removal of sulfur from petroleum fractions by means of extraction, absorption or by the use of catalysts

Answer 49

desulfurization

Question 50

is that equivalent to oxygen in the complex compounds of the fuel

Answer 50

combined hydrogen

Question 51

Flash point for furnace oil is?

Answer 51

66 degree celsius

Question 52

residue after vacuum distillation of crude oil

Answer 52

gudron

Question 53

The normal sulfur content for the residual fuel oil (furnace oil) is in the order of?

Answer 53

2-4%

Question 54

cetane molecular formula

Answer 54

C16H34

Question 55

The lighter, more volatile fractions obtained by?

Answer 55

distilling or cracking natural petroleum oils

Question 56

it involves removing or significantly reducing molecules that are corrosive or cause air pollution, especially sulfur, and eventually produce products of high selling value

Answer 56

treating

Question 57

it is the most widely used and accepted measure of ignition quality of the diesel fuels

Answer 57

cetane number

Question 58

it is an indication of the composition

Answer 58

specific gravity