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ChE 103 > Liquid Fuels > Flashcards

Liquid Fuels Flashcards

1
Q

it is a measure of the anti-knock quality of gasoline

A

octane number

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2
Q

Liquid hydrocarbon fuels are commonly
derived from?

A

crude oil

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3
Q

it is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials

A

crude oil

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4
Q

it is the lowest temperature at which it will pour or flow when cooled under prescribed conditions

A

pour point

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5
Q

it is a refinery operation that blends different component streams into various grades of petroleum product

A

blending

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6
Q

use of heating to break molecular bonds

A

thermal cracking

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7
Q

advantages of liquid fuels

A
  • less space
  • higher calorific value
  • nearly constant calorific value
  • easy control of consumption
  • staff economy
  • absence of danger from spontaneous combustion
  • easy handling and transpo
  • cleanliness
  • no ash problem
    non-deterioration of the oil in storage
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8
Q

it is the most important characteristic in the storage and use of fuel oil

A

viscosity

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9
Q

light petroleum distillates

A

naphthas

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10
Q

The heavy heating oil has high viscosity, which
requires heating up to temperatures of?

A

65-90 degree celsius

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11
Q

other examples of spirits

A

alcohols, benzole, alcogas or gasohol

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12
Q

it is a combustible liquid used as fuel for
diesel engines

A

diesel

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13
Q

disadvantages of liquid fuels

A
  • higher cost
  • greater risk of fire
  • costly containers
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14
Q

very rough indication of the lowest temperature at which fuel oil is readily pumpable

A

pour point

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15
Q

mixture of nearly 400 different types of hydrocarbons

A

gasoline

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16
Q

properties of liquid fuels

A
  • specific gravity
  • specific heat
  • sulfur content
  • viscosity
  • pour point
  • flash point
  • carbon residue
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17
Q

Liquid fuels may be divided into two main
classes

A

lights oils / spirits and heavy oils

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18
Q

The Gasoline is liquid at room temperature with boiling range approximately of

A

35-315 degree celsius

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19
Q

these are suitable for spark ignition engine

A

petrol
alcohol
benzole
gasoline

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20
Q

an energy-dense secondary fuel that can be thought of as an energy currency

A

gasoline

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21
Q

these are commonly derived from crude oil through distillation and cracking processes

A

liquid hydrocarbon fuels

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22
Q

it is a process by which long-chain hydrocarbons are broken up into smaller
molecules.

A

cracking

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23
Q

The next higher fractions of petroleum oil, shale oil and synthetic oil, generally included in the class of oils known as?

A

paraffin, kerosene, naphtha

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24
Q

it is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of oil by 1°C

A

specific heat

25
Q

use of a bed of catalyst to break the molecular bonds

A

catalytic cracking

26
Q

is the lowest temperature at which the fuel can be heated so that the vapour gives off flashes
momentarily when an open flame is passed
over it

A

flash point

27
Q

used to power many heat engines, most importantly it acts as a fuel for a large proportion of cars

A

gasoline

28
Q

separates high-boiling-point heavier hydrocarbons from light hydrocarbons with lower boiling points

A

fractional distillation

29
Q

Liquid hydrocarbon fuels are commonly
derived from crude oil through?

A

distillation and cracking processes

30
Q

It has hydrogen to carbon ratio varying from?

A

1.7-2

31
Q

determines how much steam or electrical energy it takes to heat oil to a desired temperature

A

specific heat

32
Q

liquid fuels can also be obtained from

A

coal tar
oil shale
biomass
sand

33
Q

It is the ratio of the density of the fuel to the
density of water

A

specific gravity

34
Q

it indicates the tendency of oil to deposit a carbonaceous solid residue on a hot surface

A

carbon residue

35
Q

three stages of refining

A

separation
conversion
treating

36
Q

it is a measure of its internal resistance to flow

A

viscosity

37
Q

it is another process whereby light petroleum distillates (naphthas) are contacted with a platinum-containing catalyst at elevated temperatures and hydrogen pressures for the purpose of raising the octane number of the
hydrocarbon feed stream

A

conversion

38
Q

n-heptane

A

C7H16

39
Q

lights fractions obtained by?

A

distilling or cracking natural petroleum oils, hydrogenation of coal, coal tar, or heavy oil residues, and synthesis of hydrocarbons by the Fischer Tropsch Process

40
Q

also known as petrol

A

gasoline

41
Q

residue after atmospheric distillation of
crude oil

A

mazut

42
Q

suitable for jet engines

A

paraffin, kerosene, naphtha

43
Q

molecular formula of gasoline

A

C8H18

44
Q

it is defined as the hydrogen that uses
oxygen from air for combustion

A

net hydrogen

45
Q

these are suitable for use with internal
combustion engines and jet engines

A

light oils / spirits

46
Q

iso-octane

A

C8H18

47
Q

Most liquid fuels are mixtures of hydrocarbons
for which compositions are usually given in terms of?

A

mass fractions

48
Q

Diesel is a mixture of a large number of
hydrocarbons, which generally boil within the
temperature range of 150 to 390oC

A

150-390 degree celsius

49
Q

it is the removal of sulfur from petroleum fractions by means of extraction, absorption or by the use of catalysts

A

desulfurization

50
Q

is that equivalent to oxygen in the
complex compounds of the fuel

A

combined hydrogen

51
Q

Flash point for furnace oil is?

A

66 degree celsius

52
Q

residue after vacuum distillation of crude oil

A

gudron

53
Q

The normal sulfur content for the residual fuel oil (furnace oil) is in the order of?

A

2-4%

54
Q

cetane molecular formula

A

C16H34

55
Q

The lighter, more volatile fractions obtained by?

A

distilling or cracking natural petroleum oils

56
Q

it involves removing or significantly reducing molecules that are corrosive or cause air pollution, especially sulfur, and eventually produce products of high selling value

A

treating

57
Q

it is the most widely used and accepted measure of ignition quality of the diesel fuels

A

cetane number

58
Q

it is an indication of the composition

A

specific gravity

ChE 103 (5 decks)

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