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ChE 103 > Gaseous Fuels > Flashcards

Gaseous Fuels Flashcards

1
Q

by hydrogenation of petroleum and oil shale

A

oil gas

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2
Q

It is associated with petroleum oil deposits, with coal seams or with the decay of organic matter

A

natural gas

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3
Q

at STP, one (1) mole of any gas occupies a volume of?

A

22.4 L

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4
Q

This equation is used to determine the amount of moisture present in the air used for combustion

A

Antoine’s Equations

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5
Q

disadvantages of gaseous fuels

A
  • readily inflammable.
  • require large storage capacity.
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6
Q

Fuel should be compared based on the?

A

net calorific value

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7
Q

They are gaseous at normal atmospheric pressure, but may be condensed to the liquid state at normal temperature, by the application of moderate pressures

A

LPG

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8
Q

other manufacture gases

A

from wood, from peat, from coal, From Petroleum and Oil Shale, From Carbides with Water (Acetylene), and By electrolytes with electricity (H2)

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9
Q

other components of natural gas

A

propane
nitrogen
pentane
carbon dioxide
ethane
butane

and traces of other gases, with
small amounts of sulfur compounds

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10
Q

LPG are ________________ at normal atmospheric pressure, but may be ________________________ at normal temperature

A

gaseous, condensed to the liquid state

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11
Q

At normal temperature and pressure (NTP), temperature and pressure is?

A

Temperature = 20OC or 293.15
Pressure = 1 atm or 101.325 KPa

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12
Q

It is a high calorific value fuel requiring no storage facilities

A

natural gas

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13
Q

by distillation or carbonization of wood

A

wood gas

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14
Q

it is the ratio of partial pressure of water vapor to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at a given temperature

A

Relative Humidity (RH)

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15
Q

It is the amount of moisture in the air compared
to what the air can “hold” at that temperature

A

relative humidity

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16
Q

other term for natural gas

A

methane or fossil gas

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17
Q

When air is saturated, RH is ?

A

1 or 100%

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18
Q

LPG is a predominant mixture of propane and butane with a small percentage of unsaturates (_______________ and ________________)

A

propylene, butylene)

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19
Q

_____________________ of the dry stack gas gives the value of unknown excess O2

A

mole balance

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20
Q

Gaseous fuels in common use are?

A
  • producer gas
  • natural gas
  • liquefied petroleum gases (LPG)
  • blast furnace gas
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21
Q

it is a predominant mixture of propane and butane with a small percentage of unsaturates (propylene and butylene) and some lighter C2 as well as heavier C5.

A

LPG

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22
Q

from Carbides with Water

A

acetylene

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23
Q

Since the _____________ of a gas is highly dependent in pressure and temperature, these conditions should always be identified when the volume of a gas is given.

A

volume

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24
Q

by water gas reaction of petroleum and oil shale

A

oil gas

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25
Q

The ________________________ is the hydrogen in the fuel that uses O2 from air for combustion

A

net hydrogen

26
Q

Although they are normally used as gases, they are stored and transported as liquids under pressure for convenience and ease of handling

A

LPG

27
Q

These acids are __________ and affect the tubes.

A

corrosive

28
Q

It is naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons, also known as methane gas or fossil gas

A

natural gas

29
Q

If the flue gases are cooled below the dew point, H2O
condenses and may dissolve CO2 and SO2 to form?

A

acids

30
Q

LPG is a predominant mixture of?

A

propane and butane

31
Q

It mixes with air readily and does not produce smoke or soot.

A

natural gas

32
Q

The _______________ of a gaseous mixture is the
temperature at which the saturation pressure of
water equals the partial pressure of water vapor in
the gaseous mixture.

A

dew point

33
Q

by hydrogenation of coal as a by-product of the reduction of ores

A

blast furnace gas

34
Q

Since most gas combustion appliances cannot utilize the heat content of the water vapour, ___________________ is of little interest.

A

gross calorific value

35
Q

it is used as a tie substance to relate the fuel with the stack gas

A

Carb

36
Q

advantages of gaseous fuels

A
  • Better control of combustion.
  • Less excess air is needed for complete combustion.
  • Economy in fuel and more efficient furnace operation
  • Easy maintenance of oxidizing or reducing atmosphere.
  • There is no storage problem if the supply is available from a public supply line.
  • Cleanest of all types of fuels.
  • The distribution of gaseous fuels even over a wide area is easy through the pipe lines and as such handling of the fuel is altogether eliminated.
  • Gaseous fuels give an economy of heat and produce
    higher temperatures (as they can be preheated in regenerative furnaces and thus heat from hot flue gases can be recovered).
  • It is free from ash and mixes well with air to undergo
    complete combustion producing very little smoke.
37
Q

Fuel should be compared based on the net calorific value. This is especially true for __________________, since increased hydrogen content results in high water formation during combustion

A

natural gas

38
Q

natural gas is naturally occurring mixture of
gaseous hydrocarbons, also known as?

A

methane gas or fossil gas

39
Q

by carbonization of coal

A

coal gas

40
Q

by water gas reaction of petroleum and oil shale

A

oil gas

41
Q

examples of gaseous fuels

A
  • Natural Gas
  • Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
  • Other Manufactured Gases
42
Q

It has little to no sulphur content.

A

natural gas

43
Q

At standard temperature and pressure (STP), temperature and pressure is?

A

Temperature = 0OC or 273.15 K
Pressure = 1 bar or 100 KPa

44
Q

the greater the moisture present in the gas, the higher is its?

A

dew point

45
Q

by cracking of petroleum and oil shale

A

refinery gas

46
Q

by gasification of coal in O2 and steam

A

lurgi gas

47
Q

by gasification of coal in air

A

producer gas

48
Q

the greater the _________________ present in the gas, the higher is its dew point

A

moisture

49
Q

by distillation or carbonization of peat

A

peat gas

50
Q

From the complete analysis of the fuel, the _________________________ and
___________________________ can be determined

A

theoretical oxygen, calorific value

51
Q

The vapor pressure can be calculated using the ________________ equation

A

Antoine’s

52
Q

LPG is a predominant mixture of propane and butane with a small percentage of unsaturates (propylene and butylene) and some lighter ______ as well as heavier _______.

A

C2, C5

53
Q

The _____________________ is equal to the total hydrogen in the fuel if no O2 is present in the fuel.

A

net hydrogen

54
Q

It is lighter than air and disperses into air easily in case of leak.

A

natural gas

55
Q

by gasification of coal in air and steam

A

water gas

56
Q

this evaporates to produce about 250 times volume of gas

A

Liquid LPG

57
Q

Cases for Gaseous Fuel

A

Based on Fuel Analysis
Based on Flue Gas Analysis
Based on Partial Analysis of the Flue Gas

58
Q

Aside from STP and NTP, the International Standard Metric Conditions for natural gas and similar fluids are set at?

A

T = 288.15K (15OC)
P = 1 atm.

59
Q

primary content of natural gas

A

Methane at 95%

60
Q

By electrolytes with electricity

A

H2

ChE 103 (5 decks)

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