Principles of Colony Management Flashcards
What did the 1985 Amendment to the AWA result in?
Develop documents and follow an appropriate plan for environmental enhancement that would promote the psychological well-being of nonhuman primate.
How do the Guide and AWA differ regarding space requirements for NHPs?
Guide states that optimal cage measurements should not be based solely on floor space, as some species benefit from vertical space, internal structures, and enrichment opportunities.
Housing standards are governed by what in Europe?
European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes (ETS 123) and European Union’s Council Directive on the Approximation of Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provisions of the Member States Regarding the Protection of Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes (EU 2010/63)
What materials are cages typically composed of? How must wood be treated?
Galvanized metal, stainless steel, aluminum, and plastics. Wood must be replaced when sanitation is ineffective or damage to wood structures occur.
Ground surfaces in outdoor facilities may be what? What must occur periodically?
Native soil and grasses, vegetation or rock, gravel, concrete. Surfaces must be cleaned periodically to maintain acceptable husbandry/sanitation standards.
Why are sight barriers important in enrichment?
Allow lower-ranking animals to escape from aggressive encounters, reducing stress and trauma.
What enrichment is one of the most effective methods of preventing and reducing abnormal behavior?
Social housing.
Describe PRT. What does this allow?
Form of operant conditioning where an animal receives a reward for performing a desired behavior. Allows choice to participate or not.
Who composes a Quality of Life Committee? When are they formed? What is developed, and what does this help assess?
A veterinarian, veterinary pathologist, veterinary technologist, behaviorist, colony manager, and animal technician involved in daily care. Formed when an animal is diagnosed with a life-threatening or debilitating chronic condition and requires intense monitoring for pain/distress. Develop and individual behavioral ethogram, enables committee to quantitatively assess the loss of normal behaviors and assist vet in making a more informed decision regarding the quality of life and if euthanasia is appropriate.
As per the AWA, indoor facility temperature should not drop below what temp or exceed what temp for how long? What needs to occur above 85F?
Not drop below 45F or exceed 85 for more than 4 consecutive hours. Above 85F, provisions should be made for cooling or increasing air movement.
As per the Guide, what is the recommended environmental temp settings?
64-84F
Due to their small size and how quickly then can lose body heat, care should be excised with what NHPs? How?
Marmosets, tamarins, and smaller cebids (capuchins and squirrel monkeys). Ensure cages are made from thermoneutral materials.
What should be the ventilation rate in NHP housing rooms?
Non-recirculated ventilation at 10-15 air changes/hour
What must occur for animals that are housed outdoors prior to experiencing extreme temperatures? How can the deleterious effects of high and low temperatures be mitigated?
Acclimation.
Hot: Shade, misters, wading pools
Cold: Secondary enclosures with supplemental heaters, windbreaks, and alternative bedding
What is the recommended range for relative humidity? What group differs, and how? Why is consideration of humidity outside important?
30-70%. Some NWM, such as tamarins and marmosets, require minimum of 50% relative humidity. Low or high humidity outdoors may exacerbate problems associated with temp extremes.
What does the AWA require regarding light? How is light typically provided?
Lighting (natural or artificial) must be uniformly distributed throughout the enclosure, allowing for routine inspection, maintenance of husbandry standards, maintenance of physiologic and neuroendocrine stimulation, and improved personnel safety. Usually 12h light-12h dark diurnal cycle
How is light provided to nocturnal species, like Aotus?
Reverse light cycle, with red lighting during animals’ active part of the day. White light provided during evening and at night to encourage nesting behavior/sleep outside of normal staff working hours.
As per the Guide, effective sanitation is composed of what two elements? Describe them.
Cleaning - removal of dirt and waste products
Disinfection - reduction or elimination of pathogenic microorganisms
What floor type is preferable? Why?
Slatted or grid floors, as they allow waste products to fall away from the animal’s environment. Reduce risk of fecal-oral transmission of pathogenic organisms.
What special products should be used for sanitization during CDC mandated import quarantine?
Tuberculocidal cleaning and disinfecting agents.
How often should primary enclosures be cleaned and disinfected? How should daily sanitation of primary enclosures be supplemented? How?
Primary enclosures, including perches, shelves, and enrichment devices, cleaned and disinfected daily. In a hospital setting, twice daily. Daily disinfection should be supplemented with biweekly sanitation of primary enclosures and structures. Sanitized by live steam under pressure, 180F water and soap/detergent, or washing all soiled surfaces with appropriate detergent solutions and disinfectants.
How often should enclosures with dirt floors or absorbed bedding be spot-cleaned? How often for animal rooms, treatment rooms, storage areas, cage-washing facilities, and corridors?
Enough to ensure animals can move about without contacting their excrement.
At a frequency consistent with their use and contamination level.
What is the federal standard the Hazard Communication? Who was it developed by and what did it require?
‘Worker Right to Know.’ Developed by OSHA to create work environment where hazards in specific work areas are identified, their capabilities for related health problems recognized, and workers are given access to their respective lab results and medical records.
Which group implemented 29 CFR Part 1910.1030? What is it called, and what does it outline?
OSHA. Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens: Final Rule. States that blood, body fluids, and tissues infected with human disease agents must be handled in compliance with OSHA standards.
