Laboratory Management - Macaques Flashcards
How do rhesus and cynomolgus macaques differ in their behavior in captivity? How do Indian- and Chinese-origin rhesus macaques differ?
Cynos tend to be more passive and reserved in captivity compared to rhesus macaques. Starting as neonates, Chinese-origin rhesus macaques more temperamental and irritable compared to Indian-origin rhesus macaques.
In which macaque do aggressive outcomes in social housing occur less frequently?
Cynomolgus
What can additional enrichment look like for individually housed macaques?
Enhanced foraging opportunities, access to vertical space, and positive reinforcement training
What temperature and light cycle should be provided?
64-84 F, 12h light 12h dark
When hand rearing infants, what temperature should animals be maintained at for the first two weeks of life? What should be provided to promote socialization techniques? What nutrition is provided to infants?
80 - 90F. Surrogate soft structure. 5-10% dextrose in water every 2h for the first 24 h, then transition to commercial formula. For first week, infants fed 20-30 mL every 2-3 hr. Small pieces of moist food introduced between 5-14 days of age.
What is the diet of rhesus in the wild?
Rhesus: Mainly vegetarian. Eat soil as a source of nutrients and to aid in digestion.
Cyno: Omnivorous or highly frugivorous
How quickly should commercial diets be used from the manufacture date? Why?
Within 9- days. Stability of vitamin C.
What should biscuits needing moisture be soaked in? Why?
Fruit juice. Water can deteriorate vitamin C.
The typical biscuit ration for rhesus macaques is what percent of their body weight?
2-4%
What macaque species was most widely cited prior to the 1970s? What happened in 1978?
Indian-origin macaque. Ban on exports from India in 1978 lead to Chinese-origin macaques.
How do Indian- and Chinese-origin macaques differ?
Distinct genetic characteristics. Differences in disease progression following simian immunodeficiency virus.
What are notable historic uses of rhesus macaques?
Identification of RBC Rh factor. Development of polio vaccine. Maternal and social deprivation by Henry Harlow. Drug safety and efficacy research. Mechanism of immunodeficiency diseases.
Why are rhesus macaques an excellent model for HIV vaccine research?
Genetic similarity to humans, susceptibility to SIV, and homology to MHC class I, II, and TCR genes.
What should be considered when sourcing cynos?
Imported from several geographically separate areas that could create confounding variables.
How are cynos used in research?
Standard macaque model in pharmaceutical research due to availability and development of large breeding facilities in source countries. Reproductive, behavioral research.
