Laboratory Management - Pan Flashcards
How should chimpanzees be housed? What requirements must be met for NIH-supported chimps? Non NIH-supported chimps?
Compatible multimale-multifemale social groups in outdoor enclosures with accessible shelters for protecting from temp extremes.
NIH: Social groups of no fewer than 7 individuals with at least 20 feet of vertical space. Max housing density of 250 ft square/animal
Non NIH: Animal Welfare Act
How long can group formation take?
Weeks, or up to months, to be completely successful.
What should occur when chimpanzees must be socially housed? How large should their cages be?
Allow animals to see, smell, and hear other chimps. Cages should be large enough to provide for normal maintenance activity including brachiation.
What is PRT? Why is it important?
Positive reinforcement training. Reduce daily stress on animals and caretakers, enrichment. Allows easier vet care, avoiding the need for sedation, which benefits animals and is cheaper.
What is the typical diet of wild chimpanzees? What is their most common mammalian prey?
Primarily vegetarians, especially fruit. Most common mammalian prey is the red colobus monkey, which has resulted in declines in their population.
When were food enrichment strategies first developed? What must be monitored?
1980s. Watch for weight gain, which can lead to obesity and related adverse health conditions.
How has the chimp contributed to research?
Aerospace: Ham the chimp was the first hominidae in outer space
Organ transplant immunology, cognition and language studies, human infectious diseases (hepatitis A, B, C, RSV, Ebola, malaria, and HIV) and associated vaccine development, comparative genomics, neuroscience, immunology, and behavior.
Genetically, how similar are humans and chimps? Where does the major structure difference occur? What does this explain?
99% examining just single-nucleotide divergence, 96% when accounting for insertion and deletion events. Major structure difference occurs on chromosome 2. Human chromosome 2 is a fused version of two ancestral ape chromosomes that remain separate in the chimp, resulting in the different diploid chromosome number.
