Principles of Clinical Practice

Question 1

What are the 3 main body systems essential for life?

Answer 1

Respiratory - CNS - CVS

Question 2

What does assessment of cardiovascular system tell us about?

Answer 2

Primary heart problems - animal’s systemic perfusion

Question 3

What are the perfusion parameters in emergency patients?

Answer 3

Heart rate - pulse quality - mucous membrane colour - capillary refill time - cardiac auscultation

Question 4

What do most animals with abnormal perfusion tend to have wrong?

Answer 4

Hypovolemia

Question 5

What is the pulse rate normally in dogs with severe hypovolaemia?

Answer 5

180-220

Question 6

Why is it important to assess and be aware of fragility of dyspnoeic patient?

Answer 6

Any stress can be fatal to the patient

Question 7

What is shock?

Answer 7

Decreased delivery of oxygen into tissue

Question 8

Name the 4 different types of shock?

Answer 8

Hypovolaemic - distributive - cardiogenic - obstructive

Question 9

Name the different types of fluids that can be given to an animal, what are they made up of?

Answer 9

Crystaloids, water and electrolytes - colloids, larger particles than crystaloids that don’t permeate through membranes

Question 10

What 3 types of tonicity can fluids have?

Answer 10

Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic