Principles Of Biomechanics Flashcards
Role of Ostheopathic Medicine
Diagnosis and treatment
Local and distal forces
Proper positioning
Biomechanics key concepts
Structure and function
3d space
Stress strain and force moments how forces act on objects
Biomaterial properties of tissues
Constant remodeling
Muscles and tendons that produces forces
Primary motions at surface articulations
Viscoelastic
Motion coupling
Kinesiology, forces, moment, torque, force couple
Study of proprioception
Distance X force
Twisting force caused by rotation
2 forces creating a moment with a vector sum of zero (center of rotation)
Muscle forces and levers
Produce forces that can cause linear motion eg Supraspinatus pulls humeral head into glenoid fossa
Deltoid directs forces superiority which may cause superior translation of humeral head
1st class: forces are on different sides of COR eg toes
2nd class: when COR on same side of forces & external force is closer to COR than muscle force eg wheel barrow
3rd class: forces on same side of COR & muscle force is closer to the COR than the external forces eg biceps triceps
Mechanical Advantage, center of gravity, Motions, stress, strain, tensile, compressive
Ration of the muscle and restrictive moment arms (MAm/MAr)
High mobile and high velocity motions
Parallel force
Translational and rotational
Force/area
Stretch or displacement of a material, measure of deformation, damage, hooke law
Change in length of body due to application of stress
Change in length of body due to compressive strain
Contracture or hypertonicity, effect of fiber length on joint excursion
Passive tightness in the entire muscle preventing it from stretching appropriately affects full joint excursion post traumatic or infectious changes in ECM eg celebral palsy
Muscle with more sarcomeres shorten more
Immovable, slightly movable, freely movable
Freely moveable: ball & socket (circular motion), saddle, hinge, condyloma, pivot, gliding (wrist)
Sliding (wrist/ankle)
Increase/decrease angle btw 2 bones only in long bones
Diathrosis free movement
Synathrosis no movement
Synovial membrane lines the capsule and produces synovial fluid
Joint Capsule and synovial membrane
Fibrous layer little blood supply but richly innervated that’s why it takes time to heal
Function is altered all the time when you sprain joint —> need physical therapy
4 characteristics of Muscle tissues
Excitability, contractility, extensibility and elasticity
650 skeletal bones
Skeletal muscle types
Circular in mouth
Convergent in chest
Fusiform in biceps brachii
Parallel in thigh
Unipennate in leg flexor policis longus
Bipennate in thigh rectus femora’s
Multipennate shoulder subscapularis
Strap = Sartorius
Parallel fibers
Longer fibers than pinnate fibers
Actin & myosin influence contractions
isometric, concentric, eccentric
Pennate muscle
Creates no movements
Muscle shortens causing joint movenment
Contracting muscle is overcome by external load
Specialized for force production but have limited ability to produce large excursion
Strength enhancement
Joint position influence on muscle strength
Lengthening a contracting muscle prior to its use in providing motion eg baseball
Eg hip flexion strength laying down, wheel chair and hip extended
Hip flexors are strongest with hip close to extension
Tensegrity Architecture
Buckminster fuller
Open kinetic chain
Closed kinetic chain
Mechanobiology
Tensegrity is when you step your tow on a nail you will see cellular changes on your toe
Tensional prestress is a critical governor of cell mechanics and function
Eg of OKC is seated knee extension
Eg of Closed Kinetic Chain is squat or push up
