PRINCIPLES OF BIOETHICS Flashcards
refers to the expression of one’s responsibility to take care, nurture, and cultivate
what has been entrusted to him. Stewardship consists in the practical recognition that man is not
the absolute master of himself or of his possessions. He has received every gift and grace from
God. He must use them in a responsible manner to promote the interest of God
Stewardship
Our body is not ours; it is God’s.
Primarily, man must be a steward of gift of life along with other possessions God has shared with
him. Life is part of God’s creation seen to be very good in its nature. As a steward, man does not
have absolute ownership of his life in the sense that he can do whatever he wishes without
corresponding responsibility before God.
We must not go beyond what is mandated by the principle of stewardship.
The goodness of life pertains to its protection, promotion, and development in keeping with its
very nature
Personal Stewardship
Individuals can serve as stewards to advance community wellbeing,
and stewardship is best accomplished when we work together across differences and sectors to
expand the vital conditions that all people and places need to thrive
Social Stewardship
- Stewardship is caring for the gifts God has given us which includes
the ENVIRONMENT, our own personal talents, and other resources
Environmental stewardship conserves natural resources, combats pollution, and protects
biodiversity, but most importantly, it means that we should protect and sustain our environment
for future generations.
Ecological Stewardship
The execution of responsibility of the health care practitioners
to look after, provide necessary health care services, and promote the health and life of those
entrusted to their care
Stewardship in Healthcare
with the exercise of duties and obligations to uphold the goodness of
human life as God’s creation:
○ Treat human life with utmost care and protect it from harm
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○ Make all healthcare facilities and technologies serve the well-being of patients and
prevent infliction of unnecessary pains
○ Respect life from the moment of conception until its natural expiration and defend
it from any unnatural proceedings meant to contradict its nature and destroy
dignity.
Just and Honest w
States that anatomical completeness must not be sacrificed without proportional
justification
Maintaining basic human capacities
PRINCIPLE OF TOTALITY AND INTEGRITY
The whole implies the existence of its parts. The existence of parts indicates the existence
of the whole. Parts should continuously be connected with the whole.
If the part becomes problematic and it affects the whole, it has to be treated in order to
restore its mode of existence as part of the whole. However, if the state of condition and
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continuous existence as part pose a threat to do more harm than good leading to the
destruction of the whole and that there is no other means, the principle of totality provides
that it can be removed and sacrifice for the sake of the whole.
To preserve the whole which is far greater than its parts.
TOTALITY
One should act in good faith, intellectual honesty, and fairness.
You take responsibility for your own actions, decisions and their consequences
INTEGRITY
Medical or dental specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques
on a person to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help
improve bodily function or appearance, or to repair unwanted ruptured areas.
Surgery -
- Any technique that renders one sterile or unable to exercise the power to
reproduce during sexual intercourse.
. Sterilization
directly willed, e.g. vasectomy, ligation
Direct
- not willfully employed, e.g. surgical removal of ovaries or testicles
. Indirect
- brings about provisionary and reversible sterility, e.g. oral and
hormonal contraceptives
Temporary
creates irreversible and lasting sterility, e.g. hysterectomy,
oophorectomy, salpingectomy
. Permanent
produces medically-sterilizing effects, e.g oral hormonal contraceptives
Medical -
- surgical procedure that sterilizes or renders one unable to reproduce
Surgical
a form of penalty or punishment usually ascribed to sex-related crime
Punitive
- intended for one whose genetic or eugenic make up is seen to
reproduce defective offspring
Eugenic
TRUE OR FALSE DIRECT sterilization is gravely immoral
TRUE
Sterilization does not only distort the natural
power of marital act to generate life but also destroys the functional integrity of human
body, particularly the reproductive system.
When is sterilization morally permissible?
Sterilization is morally permissible when it is indirect. Indirect sterilization is done when
the intended effect is not sterility per se but the treatment of a pathologic condition or
removal of a pathologic organ. The very purpose is to save the patient’s life.
e removal of a non-pathologic or healthy organ in order to save the
entire body?
This is morally permitted.
- It is an act or instance of destroying, removing, or severely damaging a limb or
other body part of a person. It diminishes or destroys the functional integrity of the human body.
Mutilation
destroys the functional integrity of the human body so it becomes
incapacitated of its natural function.
Major Mutilation
diminishes but does not destroy the functional integrity of the human
body.
Minor Mutilation
The degree of completeness necessary for the performance of functions proper to the
human body.
* If the degree of completeness is still present so that the natural functions of the body can
be performed as usual and if the mutilation done does not constitute any destruction of
functional integrity.
Bodily Functional Integrity
Giving of tissue/organ/body by a person to another person or to an
institution
. Organ Donation
The giver who may be a cadaver (with a donation document made by the giver when still
competent or made by the giver’s proxy based on a previous commitment) or a living
person (either a blood relative, emotional relative, or non-relative).
- A donor who exchanges the organs for money is a vendor.
Donor
The receiver who may receive directly from the donor or from an institution.
- A recipient who pays for the organ is a buyer
Recipient
The transfer of tissue/organ from donor to recipient
Organ Transplant
The trading of an organ in exchange of money or similar material.
- The person or institution which arranges for the trade between buyer and vendor is the
middleman.
Organ Sales
AN ACT AUTHORIZING THE LEGACY OR DONATION OF ALL
OR PART OF A HUMAN BODY AFTER DEATH FOR SPECIFIED PURPOSES
Republic Act No. 7170 -
“One was held to use only ordinary means - according to circumstances of persons, places, times,
and culture - that is to say, means that do not involve any grave burden to oneself or another.”
Prolongation of Life (Pope Pius XII)
Useful, beneficial, and inexpensive
All medicines, treatments, and operations which offer REASONABLE HOPE OF
BENEFIT that the patient will be cured and which can be obtained and used without
excessive expense, pain, and other inconvenience
ORDINARY MEANS
Medical measures intended to save the life of the patient, but these would subject
years of prolonged pain and agony, producing serious physical and mental inutility and
uselessness.
Would not offer a reasonable hope of benefit
EXTRAORDINARY MEANS
In the 1960s, dialysis was considered extraordinary but now it is already
classified as ordinary means because we have adequate equipment already
Technological Advancement
What might be extraordinary care to a 90-year-old patient with terminal cancer
may be ordinary for a 30-year-old post appendectomy patient.
Patient Reference
Therefore, any form of care can be extraordinary if it offers
NO HOPE OF BENEFIT.
s based on an understanding of sexuality as one of the basic traits
of a person and must be developed in ways consistent with enhancing human dignity.
The gift of human sexuality must be used in marriage in keeping with its intrinsic,
indivisible, specifically human teleology.
PRINCIPLE OF PERSONALIZED SEXUALITY
