ETHICS IN HEALTH CARE

Question 1

Deprived of the Greek word “Ethos” meaning custom or character. It means;
A method of inquiry that assists people to understand the morality of human behavior (the study of morality)
It refers to the practice of a certain action
It also refers to the expected standards of behavior of a particular group. These standards are described in the Code of Professional Conduct

Answer 1

ETHICS

Question 2

Ethics as applied to life (i.e to life and death decision making) It is also known as applied or practical ethics.
Relates to those ethical issues that are raised because of new technologic developments in medicine and biological sciences

Answer 2

BIOETHICS

Question 3

refers to the conduct or behavior that by reason of public approval or practice has become customary among professional nurses

Answer 3

NURSING ETHICS

Question 4

THE PERSONAL STANDARDS OF RIGHT OR WRONG (what ought to or should be done)

Answer 4

MORALITY

Question 5

are concepts or ideas that give meaning to one’s life and provide a framework for one’s decision and actions

Answer 5

VALUES

Question 6

looks to the consequences of an action in judging whether the action is right ot wrong

Answer 6

TELEOLOGY

Question 7

the principle of utility which maintains that we ought to produce the greatest balance of value over disvalue for all those affected.
“the greatest good for the greatest number” and “the end justifies the means”

Answer 7

UTILITARIANISM

Question 8

Focuses on the concepts of duty, rationally inherent rightness/wrongness of actions) and obedience to rules

Answer 8

DEONTOLOGY

Question 9

the notion that people inherently know what is right or wrong; determining wha is right is not a matter of rational thought or learning

Answer 9

INTUITIONISM

Question 10

recognized as the central goal of nursing as well as the basic for nursing ethics
Unlike the other theories, caring is based on relationships

Answer 10

CARING

Question 11

FIVE ATTRIBUTES OF CARING

Answer 11

COMPASSION, COMPETENCE, CONFIDENCE, CONSCIENCE, COMMITMENT

Question 12

: self-rule or self-governance
Refers to the right to make one’s decisions (as long as it does not injure/infringe on the autonomous right/actions of others)

Answer 12

AUTONOM

Question 13

“the willing and uncoerced acceptance of the medical interviontion by the patient after adequate disclosure by the health professional of the mature, its expected risks and benefits and alternatives available
It is a free and voluntary act to accept/or not any interventions

Answer 13

INFORMED CONSENT

Question 14

it involves the person’s age, and his/her mental ability to understand the effects of his/her choice/decisions

Answer 14

Capacity/Competence

Question 15

: to make appropriate decision, a person needs information based on which to weigh the risks/benefits in the light of onee;s value and good and make rational choices

Answer 15

Disclosure of Information

Question 16

the person can exercise his choice free of coercion and other forms of controlling influence by others whether this be force, fraud, deceit or overreaching

Answer 16

VOLUNTARINESS

Question 17

: “one ought not to inflict evil or harm/the duty to do no harm”

Answer 17

NON-MALEFICENCE

Question 18

: means “doing good” (duty to do good or to promote the good”
Nurses are obligated “to do good”, is implement actions that benefit clients and their support persons
“When one cannot promote good,
One ought to prevent harm or remove harm”

Answer 18

BENEFICIENCE

Question 19

that each individual regardless of his state of health valuable, is not to be used as means and is to be treated with dignity

Answer 19

SANCTITY OF LIFE

Question 20

Human life is a gift from God – implies that man does not have dominion on his life, he is just but a guardian/a steward
Being alive is only a bilogic function and not man’s ultimate goal
The purpose of professional care is the patient’s benefit – means aiding a person to realize qualoties not solely to prolong life does not exit (even to continue treatment

Answer 20

PURPOSE OF LIFE

Question 21

is equated with man’s ability to achieve his purpose as well as his capacity to be “in control”. When man cannot/unable to achieve his purpose or control decisions regarding himself, quality is reduce

Answer 21

QUALITY OF LIFE

Question 22

The health professional should consider stopping measures to prolong life

Answer 22

Man has the right to peacefully die with human dignity

Question 23

The rule of justice are established to strike a balance between conflicting claims and interests
Example: Resources allocation in health care setting reffered to as “distributive justice”
“To each accordign to his desert” which means giving each his due

Answer 23

JUSTICE : (“fairness”)

Question 24

MEAns to befaithful to agreements and responsibilities one has undertaken. The nurses have responsibility to the employer, government, society, and to themselves. Circumstances often affect which responsibility takes precedence at a particular time

Answer 24

FIDELITY (“keeping promises”)

Question 25

moral science that treat of the obligations his profession and his clients

values, rights, duties and responsibilities

Answer 25

Professional Ethics

Question 26

promotes the consideration of values in the prioritization and justification of actions by health professionals, researchers and policymakers that may impact the health and well-being of patients, families, and communities.

Answer 26

Health ethics

Question 27

the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution.

Answer 27

biology

Question 28

a commonly used ethical approach in healthcare and biomedical sciences. It emphasises four key ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, which are shared by most ethical theories, and blends these with virtues and practical wisdom.

Answer 28

Principlism

Question 29

What are the four principlism

Answer 29

Respect for autonomy
non maleficence
beneficence
Justice

Question 30

Answers the question, “what should I do?”

Answer 30

Most ethical theories

Question 31

“What type of person should I be?”

Answer 31

Virtue Ethics

Question 32

core values of nursing

Answer 32

human dignity, integrity, autonomy, altruism, and social justice