ARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION, MORALITY & ETHICO-MORAL RESPONSIBILITY OF NURSES

Question 1

The main issues that raise ethical dilemmas
following the development of assisted reproduction
techniques are:

Answer 1

the right to procreate or reproduce
● the process of in vitro fertilization itself - is it
morally acceptable to interfere in the
reproduction process?
● the moral status of the embryo
the involvement of a third party in the
reproductive process by genetic material
donation
● the practice of surrogacy, cryopreservation of
pre-embryos
● genetic manipulation
● experiments on pre-embryos, etc.

Question 2

Depositing a man’s semen
in the vagina, cervical canal,
or uterus, through the use
of instruments (syringe) to
bring about conception
unattained or unattainable
by sexual intercourse.

Answer 2

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (AI)

Question 3

1. Masturbation
2. Condomistic intercourse
3. Coitus interruptus
4. Anal massage of the prostate gland
5. Direct puncture of the epididymis

Answer 3

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (AI)

There are several methods of
extracting semen for Al purposes:

Question 4

Scottish anatomist and surgeon
____ ____ carried out the first recorded
successful human AI in London in 1785.
Similarly, American physician J. Marion Sims performed
the first human AI in the U.S. in 1866. The regular
practice of AI in England, France, Australia, and the
United States began in the 1950s. Presently, the estimate
of children born each year through Al ranges from ten
thousand to twenty-five thousand in the United States

Answer 4

Josh Hunter

Question 5

2 BASIC TYPES OF AI

Answer 5

1. Homologous insemination (AIH)
2. Heterologous insemination (AID)

Question 6

• the semen is obtained from the
  husband himself

Answer 6

1. Homologous insemination (AIH)

Question 7

• a technique in which the semen is
  acquired from a donor other than
  the husband

Answer 7

Heterologous insemination (AID)

Question 8

a woman can artificially
inseminate herself by using a medical syringe

Answer 8

1. Do-It-Yourself

Question 9

a technique used to facilitate human
conception through IVF of the generative cells
(sperm and ovum) of a couple - the newly
conceived embryo is transferred into the wife’s
uterus for gestation.

Answer 9

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) or Embryo Transfer
(ET)

Question 10

In vitro means “___ _______”
A technique used to facilitate
human conception through
IVF of the generative cells
(sperm and ovum) of a couple -
the newly conceived embryo is
transferred into the wife’s
uterus for gestation.

Answer 10

Within a glass

Question 11

1. A husband’s impotence
2. Anatomical defects of a husband’s urethra
3. Oligospermia
4. Some types of spinal injury and certain physical
   and psychological problems
5. Some husbands who undergo vasectomy
6. Physiological obstructions in the

Answer 11

JUSTIFICATIONS FOR AIH

Question 12

If the wife’s oocytes are
defective

Answer 12

Ovum donor treatment

Question 13

technique used to
obtain human conception through in vitro
fertilization of the generative cells taken from at
least one donor other than the two spouses in
marriage

Answer 13

Heterologous IVF and ET

Question 14

1. The husband is sterile (azoospermia)
2. Husband is a carrier of a hereditary disease
3. The wife’s oocytes are defective, or she may also
   be a carrier of certain genetically-linked disorders
4. The wife’s Fallopian tubes are severely damaged
   by sexually transmitted infections

Answer 14

JUSTIFICATIONS FOR AID

Question 15

Natural law ethics, whose chief exponent is ______ _______, considers AI to be immoral insofar as
the AI child is not the fruit of the conjugal act as an
expression of personal love. AI splits the sexual unity
of the husband and wife in marriage, as it transfers
procreation into a biological laboratory, where the
unitive meaning of conjugal love is completely lost
(Pahl & Shannon 1987)

Answer 15

Roman Catholic

Question 16

means
substitute, from the
Latin word, surrogatus,
which means “in place
of another.”

Answer 16

Surrogate

Question 17

A biomedical technique whereby a
fertilized ovum is implanted into
the uterus of another woman who
will carry the baby to term,
either as a favor or for
a fee.

Answer 17

SURROGATE MOTHERHOOD

Question 18

It is often referred to as the
“womb for hire,” “rent a womb,” or
“uterus for rent” business

Answer 18

SURROGATE MOTHERHOOD