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Therapeutics P3S2 > Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy > Flashcards

Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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2
Q

Penicillins MOR

A

Beta lactamase production
Altered PBPs
Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (Gram neg only)

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3
Q

Penicillins cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Time

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4
Q

Cephalosporins MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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5
Q

Cephalosporins MOR

A

Beta-lactamase production
Altered PBPs
Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (gram neg only)

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6
Q

Cephalosporins cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Time

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7
Q

Carbapenem MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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8
Q

Carbapenems MOR

A

Beta-lactamase production
Altered PBPs
Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (gram neg only)

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9
Q

Carbapenem cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Time

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10
Q

Monobactams MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to an inhibiting PBPs

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11
Q

Monobactam MOR

A

Beta lactamase production

Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (gram neg only)

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12
Q

Monobactam cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Time

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13
Q

Fluoroquinolone MOA

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerases

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14
Q

Fluoroquinolone MOR

A

Mutation in genes that code for DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV (change in binding site)
Efflux
Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (gram neg only)

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15
Q

Fluoroquinolone cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Concentration

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16
Q

Macrolide MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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17
Q

Macrolide MOR

A

Efflux (mef)

Change in ribosomal binding site (erm)

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18
Q

Macrolides cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Static
Time
*Azithromycin may be concentration dependent vs some organisms

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19
Q

Aminoglycoside MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

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20
Q

Aminoglycoside MOR

A

Altered AG uptake
Synthesis of AG-modifying enzymes
Alteration in ribosomal binding sites (strepto)

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21
Q

Aminoglycoside cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Concentration

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22
Q

Vancomycin and Dalbavancin MOA

A

Inhibits 2nd stage of cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala cell wall precursors

23
Q

Vancomycin and Dalbavancin MOR

A

Modification of the D-alanyl-D-alanine vanco binding site

24
Q

Vancomycin and Dalbavancin cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Time

25
Quinupristin/dalfopristin MOA
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits
26
Quinupristin-dalfopristin MOR
Alteration in ribosomal binding site
27
Quinupristin-dalfopristin cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?
Static | Time
28
Linezolid and tedizolid MOA
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit near 30S interface
29
Linezolid and Tedizolid MOR
alteration in ribosomal binding site (rare)
30
Linezolid and Tedizolidcidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?
Static Time dependent - L Concentration - T
31
Daptomycin MOA
causes membrane depolarization by inserting lipophilic tail in cell well
32
Daptomycin MOR
Altered cell membrane binding through loss of membrane potential
33
Daptomycin cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?
Cidal | Concentration
34
Televancin and Oritavancin MOA
Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding D-Ala-D-Ala cell wall precursors AND causes membrane depolarization by inserting lipophilic tail in cell wall
35
Telavancin and Oritavancin MOR
Modification of the D-alanyl-D-alanine vancomycin binding site
36
Televancin and Oritavancin cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?
Cidal | Concentration
37
Tetracycline MOA
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunits
38
Tetracycline MOR
Tetracycline-specific efflux pumps Ribosomal protection proteins Enzymatic inactivation
39
Tetracycline cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?
Static | Time
40
Tetracycline analog MOA
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunits
41
Tetracycline analog MOR
Multidrug efflux pump
42
Tetracycline analog cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?
Static | Time
43
TMP-SMX MOA
Sequential inhibition of microbial folic acid synthesis pathway by inhibiting bacterial dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase
44
TMP-SMX MOR
Mutation in dihydrofolate reductase or dihydropteroate synthase
45
TMP-SMX cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?
Cidal | Time
46
Polymyxin MOA
Binds to phospholipids in cell membrane causing displacement of Ca and Mg, which leads to changes in cell wall permeability and leakage of cellular contents
47
Polymyxins MOR
Alteration in outer cell membrane (decreased Ca or Mg content, decreased lipopolysaccharide content, decreased outer membrane proteins)
48
Polymyxins cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?
Cidal | Concentration
49
Clindamycin MOA
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits
50
Clindamycin MOR
Alteration in ribosomal binding site (erm)
51
Clindamycin cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?
Static | Time
52
Metronidazole MOA
Prodrug activated by ferredoxins whose activated metabolites damage bacterial DNA
53
Metronidazole MOR
Altered growth requirements | Reduced transcription of ferredoxin gene
54
Metronidazole cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?
Cidal | Concentration

Therapeutics P3S2 (6 decks)

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