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Therapeutics P3S2 > Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy > Flashcards

Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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2
Q

Penicillins MOR

A

Beta lactamase production
Altered PBPs
Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (Gram neg only)

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3
Q

Penicillins cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Time

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4
Q

Cephalosporins MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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5
Q

Cephalosporins MOR

A

Beta-lactamase production
Altered PBPs
Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (gram neg only)

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6
Q

Cephalosporins cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Time

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7
Q

Carbapenem MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting PBPs

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8
Q

Carbapenems MOR

A

Beta-lactamase production
Altered PBPs
Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (gram neg only)

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9
Q

Carbapenem cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Time

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10
Q

Monobactams MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to an inhibiting PBPs

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11
Q

Monobactam MOR

A

Beta lactamase production

Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (gram neg only)

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12
Q

Monobactam cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Time

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13
Q

Fluoroquinolone MOA

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerases

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14
Q

Fluoroquinolone MOR

A

Mutation in genes that code for DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV (change in binding site)
Efflux
Decreased penetration through outer cell membrane (gram neg only)

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15
Q

Fluoroquinolone cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Concentration

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16
Q

Macrolide MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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17
Q

Macrolide MOR

A

Efflux (mef)

Change in ribosomal binding site (erm)

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18
Q

Macrolides cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Static
Time
*Azithromycin may be concentration dependent vs some organisms

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19
Q

Aminoglycoside MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

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20
Q

Aminoglycoside MOR

A

Altered AG uptake
Synthesis of AG-modifying enzymes
Alteration in ribosomal binding sites (strepto)

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21
Q

Aminoglycoside cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Concentration

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22
Q

Vancomycin and Dalbavancin MOA

A

Inhibits 2nd stage of cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala cell wall precursors

23
Q

Vancomycin and Dalbavancin MOR

A

Modification of the D-alanyl-D-alanine vanco binding site

24
Q

Vancomycin and Dalbavancin cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Time

25
Q

Quinupristin/dalfopristin MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

26
Q

Quinupristin-dalfopristin MOR

A

Alteration in ribosomal binding site

27
Q

Quinupristin-dalfopristin cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Static

Time

28
Q

Linezolid and tedizolid MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit near 30S interface

29
Q

Linezolid and Tedizolid MOR

A

alteration in ribosomal binding site (rare)

30
Q

Linezolid and Tedizolidcidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Static
Time dependent - L
Concentration - T

31
Q

Daptomycin MOA

A

causes membrane depolarization by inserting lipophilic tail in cell well

32
Q

Daptomycin MOR

A

Altered cell membrane binding through loss of membrane potential

33
Q

Daptomycin cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Concentration

34
Q

Televancin and Oritavancin MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding D-Ala-D-Ala cell wall precursors AND causes membrane depolarization by inserting lipophilic tail in cell wall

35
Q

Telavancin and Oritavancin MOR

A

Modification of the D-alanyl-D-alanine vancomycin binding site

36
Q

Televancin and Oritavancin cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Concentration

37
Q

Tetracycline MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

38
Q

Tetracycline MOR

A

Tetracycline-specific efflux pumps
Ribosomal protection proteins
Enzymatic inactivation

39
Q

Tetracycline cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Static

Time

40
Q

Tetracycline analog MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

41
Q

Tetracycline analog MOR

A

Multidrug efflux pump

42
Q

Tetracycline analog cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Static

Time

43
Q

TMP-SMX MOA

A

Sequential inhibition of microbial folic acid synthesis pathway by inhibiting bacterial dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase

44
Q

TMP-SMX MOR

A

Mutation in dihydrofolate reductase or dihydropteroate synthase

45
Q

TMP-SMX cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Time

46
Q

Polymyxin MOA

A

Binds to phospholipids in cell membrane causing displacement of Ca and Mg, which leads to changes in cell wall permeability and leakage of cellular contents

47
Q

Polymyxins MOR

A

Alteration in outer cell membrane (decreased Ca or Mg content, decreased lipopolysaccharide content, decreased outer membrane proteins)

48
Q

Polymyxins cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Concentration

49
Q

Clindamycin MOA

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

50
Q

Clindamycin MOR

A

Alteration in ribosomal binding site (erm)

51
Q

Clindamycin cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Static

Time

52
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

Prodrug activated by ferredoxins whose activated metabolites damage bacterial DNA

53
Q

Metronidazole MOR

A

Altered growth requirements

Reduced transcription of ferredoxin gene

54
Q

Metronidazole cidal or static? time or conc-dependent manner?

A

Cidal

Concentration

Therapeutics P3S2 (6 decks)

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