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Sports and Exercise Medicine iBSc > Principles I > Flashcards

Principles I Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

Acute sports injury

A

Sudden onset

Obvious Trauma

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2
Q

Acute Sports injury examples

A

ligament rupture
fracture
muscle strain

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3
Q

Overuse sports injury

A

Gradual onset

Repetitive microtrauma

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4
Q

Overuse sports injury examples

A

Tendinopathy

Stress fracture

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5
Q

Incidence

A

Most basic expression of risk

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6
Q

Incidence rate

A

Number of new injuries that occur in a population at risk over a specified time period or the number of new injuries during a period divided by the total number of sportspeople at that period
Rates per 1000 hours

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7
Q

Injury incidence

A

Number of injuries x1000
____________________
number of matches x number of players x match duration

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8
Q

Injury incidence inclusions

A

All injuries should be recorded that need medical attention, including those that result in no time lost/playing
Time lost from participation must be recorded using both training and competitive participation data in days lost as well as games

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9
Q

Netball most common site of injury (MCSI)

A

Ankle

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10
Q

Basketball MCSI

A

Ankle

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11
Q

Golf MCSI

A

lower back

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12
Q

Elite cyclists most common fracture

A

clavicle

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13
Q

Contact sports injury rates

A

Increased acute

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14
Q

Endurance sports injury rates

A

Increased rate overuse

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15
Q

Adult professional rugby union players incidence- games

A

81 per 1,000 player hours

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16
Q

Adult professional rugby union players incidence- training

A

3 per 1,000 player hours

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17
Q

child and adolescent rugby union players incidence-

A

26.7 per 1000 player hours

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18
Q

Rugby prevalent injuries

A

Muscle/tendon and joint (non-bone)/ligament injuries were most prevalent
Fractures and bone stress injuries had highest average severity
Lower limb highest injury incidence, but upper limb highest severity

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19
Q

Netball injury rate

A

5.4%

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20
Q

Track and field injury

A 
Mostly training (overuse)
Knee most common in runners (48% of injuries), followed by lower leg, foot and hip
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21
Q

Swimming injuries

A

Most overuse injury during training
Swimmers shoulder
–> combination rotator cuff pathology and shoulder laxity

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22
Q

Golf injuries

A 
Mainly overuse
Lumbar spine (26%)
23
Q

Kickboxing

A

109.7/1000 fight participants
52.5% head/neck/face
64% bruising/lacerations

24
Q

Football

A

31% strains

20% sprains

25
Q

Cycling

A

Professional cyclists- 1.2 injuries per cyclist per year, contusions, abrasions, knee (18%), wrist and palms (16%), shoulder and clavicle (16%), elbow (14%) and femur (14%)

26
Q

Cheerleading

A

High school cheerleading accounted for 65% of all catastrophic sports injuries among high school females over past 25 years
Ankle and knee sprains most common
Most dangerous injuries- head and neck

27
Q

Intrinsic RF definition

A 
Specific to athlete
Biomechanical
Anatomical
Physiological
Within athlete
28
Q

Extrinsic RF definition

A

Specific to sport

29
Q

Intrinsic RF examples

A 
Lack of flexibility
Hypermobility
Poor muscle strength
Lack of fitness
Biomechanics
Nutrition
Hydration
Previous injury
Age
Genetics
30
Q

Extrinsic RFs examples

A 
Type of sport
Contact sport
ground/surface
climate
footwear
equipment
training
31
Q

Over-pronation description

A

Flat footed
Planus foot
Combined eversion + dorsiflexion + abduction of foot

32
Q

Over-pronation explanation

A

Arch collapses upon weight bearing- part of normal gait cycle to allow foot to absorb shock and allow foot to adjust to uneven surfaces- however too much of this (excessive pronation) can cause stress or inflammation of plantar fascia ligament- so can have plantar fasciitis
When standing heels and or kneecaps may lean or bend inwards- wear out soles and heels of shoes very quickly

33
Q

Over-supination description

A

Combined inversion + planter flexion + adduction of foot
Supinated foot type- stiff, poor shock absorption
Most common with really deep high arch foot- cavus foot
Does not pronate enough- arch doesn’t flatten so not effective shock absorber

34
Q

Over-supination explanation

A

Weight only falls on heel and big toes, so increases stress on foot
Shoes will wear on outside edge- shoe may become over stretched
Shoe will tilt outward on flat surface

35
Q

Over-supination may predispose to

A

Plantar fasciitis
Patellofemoral syndrome
Stress fractures
Inversion ankle sprains

36
Q

Normal Gait Cycle

A 
Right heel contact
Left toe Off surface
Left heel contact
right toe off surface
right heel contact
37
Q

Walking cycle

A

Single and double support phase

Contact, mid-stance, propulsive phase

38
Q

Single support phase

A

Leg on ground, other supporting

39
Q

Double support phase

A

Starts once swinging leg touches ground, and ends when supporting leg leaves the ground

40
Q

Difference between walking and running

A

Only one foot leaves contact with ground at a time

41
Q

Stance position

A

Natural alignment of lower limb
Weight-bearing line through Ant SIS (superior ischial spine), patella, 2nd MT
Normal lumbar lordosis, hips neutral
Knees extended, patellae neutral
Calcaneus in line with tibia and forefoot perpendicular to calcaneus

42
Q

Subtalor Talocalcaneal joint

A

Normal posture should be where forefoot is perpendicular to the bisection of the heel, and tibia is perpendicular to supporting surface

43
Q

Waking biomechanics

A

Head position
Shoulder symmetry
Arm swing
Pelvic tilt-lumbar lordosis
Direction of patella (knee over second toe=normal, can also be assessed during half squat as a crude biomechanical screening)
Position of rear/mid/forefoot during heel strike/mid stance/ toe off
Leg swing

44
Q

Leg length discrepancy

A

Uneven head bounce
Unilateral pelvic drop
Uneven stride length
Excessive pronation or supination

45
Q

Warm up

A

Mild sweating without fatigue

15-30 mins

46
Q

Stretching

A

Passive flexibility

47
Q

Training periodization

A

Conditioning phase
Pre-competition phase
Competition phase

48
Q

Conditioning phase

A

Power, strength, anaerobic fitness

49
Q

Pre-competition phase

A

Works on technique

50
Q

Competition phase

A

Focuses on competitive performance and psychology of athlete

51
Q

Cross training

A

Maintains on aerobic fitness while reducing stress on weight bearing joints and muscles and tendons
Good for rehab and return to sport after injury

52
Q

Dry fields in football

A

Increase risk of ACL injuries

53
Q

Athletic amenorrhea

A

Increases risk of fracture and psychology of athlete important for injury prevention

Sports and Exercise Medicine iBSc (13 decks)

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