Principles Exam II Flashcards
Humalog
diabetes
Seroquel
schizophrenia
Strattera
ADHD
Zostavax
shingles vaccine
Chantix
smoking cessation aid
nicotinic receptor partial agonist
Evista
osteoporosis
also reduces risk of breast cancer
Combivent Respimat
COPD and asthma
albuterol and ipatropium inhaler
Avodart
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Pradaxa
anticoagulant
Pristiq
depression
LoLoestrin Fe
birth control
Focalin XR
ADHD
Travatan Z
glaucoma
Lumigan
glaucoma
Vytorin
cholesterol
Toprol XL
beta blocker
Lunesta
sleep aid
Janumet
diabetes
Exforge
hypertension
Exelon
(rivastigmine)
Alzheimer’s
Humira
rheumatoid arthritis
Victoza
diabetes II
Welchol
diabetes
Combigan
glaucoma
Onglyza
diabetes II
Xoponex
asthma
Detrol LA
urinary incontinence
Enbrel
rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic
Dulera
steroid and bronchodilator
Ranexa
chronic angina
Truvada
HIV
Avapro
anti-hypertensive
Ultram
(tramadol)
narcotic
Synthroid
hypothyroidism
Spironolactone
diuretic for high blood pressure
Protonix
acid reflux
proton pump inhibitor
Thiamine
vitamin B1 deficiency
Prochlorperazine
nausea and vomiting
can treat anxietyand schizophrenia
Tegretol
seizures and nerve pain
Amaryl
type II diabetes
Mobic
(meloxicam)
osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
NSAID
Allopurinol
kidney stones and gout
reduces uric acid
Prednisone
steroid for inflammation
Voltaren
NSAID
Ultracet
acetaminophen and tramadol
Deplin
B vitamin deficiency
depression
Dexilant
acid reflux
proton pump inhibitor
Imuran
immunosuppressant for arthritis
Bronchopleural Fistula
buildup of air in the pleural space
- concern with positive pressure ventilation
- need to use low pressures so you do not force air into that pleural space
Bullectomy
surgical removal of an air pocket in the lung
- more commonly seen in patients with emphysema
Considerations for Bullectomy and volume reduction pneumoplasty
- single-lung ventilation
- avoid PEEP
- minimize use of long-acting respiratory depressants
- restrict administration of intravenous fluids
Intraoperative Complications of Bullectomy with volume reduction pneumoplasty
- tension pneumothorax
- pneumothorax
- hypoxia
- hypercarbia
Decortication
removal of fibrous surface layer tissue over an organ
Hunsaker tube
allows jet ventilation during bronchoscopy
- can also measure CO2
Portex Adaptor
allows ventilation while someone is visualizing with a bronchoscope
Cessation of smoking for _____ weeks is associated with decreased incidence of postoperative respiratory complications
4 - 8 weeks
- decreases sputum production
- improves ciliary activity
Cancer Classification
T - cell type
N - lymph node involvement
M - metastatic spread
VAT
Video-assisted thoracoscopy
Pleurodesis
treatment for pneumothorax that stick the membranes of the lungs back together
- talc or tetracycline
Unique considerations for Esophagectomy
- single-lung ventilation
- anticholinergic drug to block carotid sinus reflex
- avoid N2O with abdominal surgery
- increased risk for aspiration
Intraoperative Complications of Esophagectomy
- aspiration
- bradycardia
- dysrhythmia
- hemorrhage
- hypotension
- Hypoxia and hypercapnia
- recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
- tacheal tears
Bleomycin
cancer treatment
- risk of pulmonary toxicity when given 100% oxygen
Doxorubicin
Cancer treatment
- potential cardiac damage
- check echocardiogram
LASER
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
What is the most common laser?
CO2
Most common jet ventilator
Sanders
Mediastinoscopy
supine position and neck extended, incision through the suprasternal notch
Unique considerations for Mediastinoscopy
- place BP cuff on left
- avoids artifact induced by artery compression
- place pulse ox on right hand
- detects brachiocephalic artery compression
Intraoperative complications of Mediastinoscopy
- air embolism
- asthma
- dysrhythmia
- hemorrhage
- neurologic event
- perforation of esophagus
- pneumothorax
- respiratory compromise
- recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
Ventilation during Mediastinoscopy
single-lumen tube
Tracheal malacia
weakening of the trachea due to compression
Papilledema
optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure
- clinical finding associated with mediastonal masses
Cardiovascular symptoms of Mediastinal Masses
- jugular distension
- neck or facial edema
- orthostatic hypotension
- papilledema
- pulsus paradoxus
Anesthesia for Medistonal Mass
preferably awake
- spontaneous ventilation should be maintained
Ventilation of Medistonal Mass
spontaneous ventilation
- flexible bronchoscope
Unique considerations for Medistonal Mass
- avoid muscle relaxants
- cardiovascular collapse
- inability to ventilate
- superior vena cava syndrome
Intraoperative complications of Medistonal Mass
- bleeding
- hypotension
- hypoxia
- obstruction of airway
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
obstruction of vena cava that impedes venous flow from the head and upper extremities
- occurs mainly in lung carcinoma patients