Principles drugs

Question 1

what is the effect of H1- histamine
what G protein

Answer 1

1. smooth muscle contraction (increases iP3)
2. Gq

Question 2

what does B2- adrenoreceptor do and what G proteins

Answer 2

smooth muscle relaxation (increase cAMP). Gs and Gi

Question 3

what does M2-muscaranic receptor do. and what G protein

Answer 3

decrease heart force of contraction (decrease cAMP) as more Gi than Gs so more AC inhibited than deactivated.
Gs and Gi

Question 4

what does muscarinic M2 receptor do when soley Gi coupled. what g protein

Answer 4

cardiac slowing. gi protein

Question 5

what does Gq generally do

Answer 5

activate phospholipase C, which activates second messenger iP3, releasing Ca2+ from intracellular cells and activating protein kinase C

Question 6

how does Gs work

Answer 6

activate adenyl cyclase which converts ATP-> cAMP which activates protein kinase A

Question 7

how does Gi work

Answer 7

inhibits adenyl cyclase so inhibits production of ATP to cAMP, therefore no/less protein kinase is produced

Question 8

how does Gi wok in K+ channels in cell membrane

Answer 8

it increases opening of channels resulting in hyperpolarisation

Question 9

what does loratidine do
what G protein

Answer 9

gq.antagonist of H1 histamine

Question 10

what does adrenaline do
what g receptor

Answer 10

agaonist of B2 adrenoreceptor. gi and gs

Question 11

what does salbutamol do
what g receptor

Answer 11

agonist of B2 adrenoreceptor. gi and gs

Question 12

what does propanolol do
what g protein

Answer 12

antagonist of B2 adrenoreceptor
Gs and Gi

Question 13

what does acetylcholine do and what g receptor

Answer 13

M2 agonist. gs and gi

Question 14

what does atropine do

Answer 14

Muscaranic antagonist. gs and gi

Question 15

what does acetylcholine do in cell membrane

Answer 15

m2 agonist . gi.so increases opening of K+ channels

Question 16

wat does atropine do

Answer 16

antagonist of M2

Question 17

what are the ligand gated ion channels

Answer 17

Nicotinic ACh receptor

GABAA receptor
glycine receptor
5HT3 receptor
glutamate receptors (NMDA)

Question 18

what are the G protein coupled receptors

Answer 18

Muscarinic ACh receptors
Adreno-receptors
acetylcholine receptors
adrenoceptors
neuropeptide
hemokine receptors
protease activated receptors

Question 19

what are the enzyme linked receptors types

Answer 19

Insulin receptor
serine/ threonine kinase
Cytokine receptor

Question 20

what are examples of receptors that affect gene transcription

Answer 20

Steroid and thyroid hormone receptors

Question 21

give examples of receptors linked to ion channels

Answer 21

ligand gated ion channels or iotrophic receptors

Question 22

what are the receptors linked to ion channels

Answer 22

ligand gated ions or ioonotrophic receptors

Question 23

what are the G couple protein receptos

Answer 23

metabotrophic receptors

Question 24

what are the enzyme linked receptors

Answer 24

kinase

Question 25

give an example of Gq receptor

Answer 25

prostanoid

Question 26

give to examples of Gi protein couples receptos

Answer 26

opoid and cannabinoid

Question 27

what G protein is cannabinoid receptor

Answer 27

Gi

Question 28

what G protein is serotonin receptor

Answer 28

Gs

Question 29

give two examples of Gs receptors

Answer 29

histamine and serotonin

Question 30

what are the enzyme receptors

Answer 30

tyrosine kinase, serine/threonine and insuline receptor

Question 31

what ae the GPCR receptors

Answer 31

thyroid stimulating hormone receptor

Question 32

what are the intracellular receptors

Answer 32

nuclear/cytoplasmic, oestrogen receptor, vitamin D receptor. including steroid drugs and hormones, thyroid hormones, vitamins A and D, various lipids and xenobiotics

Question 33

what receptors are .lipid soluble and which ones are water soluble

Answer 33

GPCR/enzyme receptor= water soluble allintracellular inc steroids = lipid soluble

Question 34

how does Gs work

Answer 34

– stimulates adenylyl cyclase, causing increased cAMP

Question 35

how does Gi work

Answer 35

inhibits adenylyl cyclase, causing decreased cAMP

Question 36

how does Gq work

Answer 36

activates phospholipase C, increasing production of second messengers inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol

Question 37

give an example of where G protein couples found and describe how it works

Answer 37

e.g. there are G protein-gated potassium channels in cardiac muscle which contributes to the regulation of heart rate (Ach released from vagus nerve binds to the G-protein coupled receptor which leads to opening of K channels

Question 38

what are the 2 other names for G protein couples

Answer 38

metaboric or 7TDM

Question 39

what does G protein coupled receptors structures combine

Answer 39

Structures comprise seven membrane-spanning 𝛼 helices, often linked as dimeric structures

Question 40

what are 2 important receptors in enxyme linked receptors

Answer 40

MAP kinase pathway – important for cell division, growth and differentiation JAK/STAT pathway – important for synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators