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Section 2 Exam > Principles and Routes of Medication Administration > Flashcards

Principles and Routes of Medication Administration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 rights of drug administration?

A
  • Right person
  • Right drug
  • Right dose
  • Right time
  • Right route
  • Right documentation
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2
Q

What should you know about the drugs you provide? (5)

A
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Dosage
  • Side effects
  • Rate of administration
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3
Q

What are environments generally sterilized with? (2)

A
  • Heat

- Chemicals

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4
Q

What tool causes the most accidents in healthcare as a whole?

A

Inadvertent needle sticks

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5
Q

T or F: We must treat all blood and body fluids as potentially infectious

A

True

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6
Q

How many hands should you use to recap a needle?

A

One

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7
Q

What are the 4 routes of drug administration?

A
  • Percutaneous (bypasses digestive tract)
  • Pulmonary
  • Enteral
  • Parenteral
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8
Q

What should you do if a patch is given and BP drastically decreases?

A

Take the patch off

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9
Q

What is one commonly administered sublingual medication?

A

Nitroglycerine

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10
Q

How should you instruct the patient to take the pill when given buccally or sublingually?

A

Instruct patient to let the pill dissolve, do not swallow

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11
Q

3 things that increase transdermal absorption rate

A
  • Thin skin
  • Overdose
  • Penetrating solvents
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12
Q

What do o.d., o.s., and o.u. mean?

A
  • O.d. = right eye (oculus dexter)
  • O.s = left eye (oculus sinister)
  • O.u. = both right and left eyes (oculus uterque)
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13
Q

What can eye drops or eye ointment be used to treat?

A
  • Eye pain
  • Treating infection
  • Decreasing intraocular pressure
  • Lubricating eyelid
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14
Q

How long should patient close eyes after ocular medication has been given?

A

1-2 minutes

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15
Q

Before giving a patient nasal meds, what should you instruct them to do?

A

Blow their nose and tilt head backwards

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16
Q

What does nasal medication commonly treat? (3)

A
  • Nasal congestion
  • Hemorrhage
  • Infection
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17
Q

What position should patient lie in when given aural (ear) medication?

A

In the lateral recumbent position

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18
Q

How should you hold the ear when giving medicine to adults? To children?

A

Adults: pull ear up and back
Pediatrics: pull hear down and back

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19
Q

How long should patient lie with ear up after medication given?

A

10 minutes

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20
Q

Nebulizer medication administration

  • how much saline do you administer?
  • how many LPM is regulator set to?
  • how long should patient inhale the medication?
  • how long does it take?
A
  • Administer 3-5mL of sterile saline to nebulizer if it is not diluted
  • Set regulator at 5-8LPM (DO NOT GO OUTSIDE THIS RANGE)
  • Hold medication in for 1-2 seconds before exhaling
  • This process typically takes 3-5 minutes
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21
Q

What kind of patient typically uses a metered dose inhaler? (MDH)

A

Someone with asthma or COPD

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22
Q

Why do elderly people and young children often have spacers in their inhalers?

A

Because they have a hard time operating their inhalers

23
Q

How long should one gently shake their metered dose inhaler for?

A

2-5 seconds

24
Q

Who are nebulizer medications infective to?

A

Patients with poor tidal and minute volume because drugs cannot reach the site of action

25
Q

What are the 4 endotracheal medications?

A
  • Lidocaine
  • Epinephrine
  • Ventolin
  • Naloxone
26
Q

Special considerations when inserting meds through an endotracheal tube? (2)

A
  • Increase IV dosages 2-2.5 times

- Dilute meds in normal saline to create 10mL of solution

27
Q

What is the most common route for medication?

A

Enteral administration

28
Q

What part of the body can alter the medications effectiveness?

A

The liver. A dysfunctional liver can alter drug distribution and in extreme cases, metabolize therapeutic medications into harmful substances

29
Q

What are 3 ways that you can possibly retrieve a drug from the enteral route?

A
  • Induce vomiting
  • Remove it from the rectum
  • Ask the patient to spit it out
30
Q

How should the medication in a medicine cup be measured? Why?

A

It should be measured towards the centre, at its lowest level because the sides of the cup are higher, which form the liquid into a meniscus

31
Q

How much liquid does a teaspoon normally hold?

A

5mL. However, the volume of a household teaspoon varies significantly

32
Q

What is the most accurate means of oral liquid medicine administration?

A

Through an oral syringe

33
Q

What is an important step when administering medicine orally? How much liquid should follow?

A

Check the label to see if the medication should be administered with or without food. 100-250mL of water should be used to wash down the medicine

34
Q

Indications to use a gastric tube? (5)

A
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Nutritional status is poor
  • Drug overdose
  • Trauma
  • Upper GI bleeding
35
Q

How much normal saline is used to irrigate a gastric tube?

A

50-100mL

36
Q

When inserting meds in a gastric tube, how much warm water should you crush the tablet into?

A

30mL of WARM water. Then draw the medication into a 30-50mL cone tipped syringe. Do not empty syringe completely into gastric tube

37
Q

How long should the gastric tube be clamped shut after medication has been given?

A

30 minutes

38
Q

What drugs can you give rectally? (4)

A
  • Diazepam (Valium)
  • Aspirin
  • Sedatives
  • Antiemetics
39
Q

What form are rectal drugs in a typical emergency?

A

Liquid

40
Q

How long should you hold buttocks closed after you have given a suppository? Why?

A

5-10 minutes, to allow for retention and absorption

41
Q

How far should you insert an enema into the anus?

A

7.5-10mm

42
Q

When should you not administer rectal drugs?

A

In the presence of:

  • Diarrhea
  • Rectal bleeding
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Severe anal irritation
43
Q

What are the typical range of syringe sizes?

A

From 1mL-100mL and greater

44
Q

What are the calibrations between small vs. large syringes

A

Small: calibrated in 0.10mL intervals
Large: calibrated in 1.0mL intervals

45
Q

What are the two parts that make up a syringe?

A
  • Barrel

- Plunger

46
Q

Hypodermic needle

  • Length
  • Gauge ranges
  • Parts
A
  • Length: 1-3.5cm
  • Gauge ranges from 18-27
  • Three parts: hilt, shaft and bevel
  • Gauge and diameter are inversely related. The large the gauge, the smaller the diameter
47
Q

What kind of information can you find on a drug label?

A
  • Name of medication
  • Expiration date
  • Total dose and concentration
48
Q

What volume can a glass ampule hold? How do you open it?

A

A glass ampule can hold 1-5mL. To open, place gauze around the thin neck and snap it off with your thumb

This is the cheapest form of drug packaging

49
Q

An example of two drugs that can be mixed together in one syringe

A

Meperidine and Promethazine

50
Q

Intradermal Injection info

A
  • Into the dermal layer of skin at 10-15 degree angle
  • Preferably injected into forearm and upper back
  • Look for sites free of superficial blood vessels
  • Dosage usually less than 1mL
  • 25-27 gauge needle, 1-2.5 cm long
  • Insert the needle bevel up and hold skin taut
  • Do not rub or massage injection site. This promotes systemic absorption and nullifies the advantage of localized effect
51
Q

Subcutaneous Injection info

A
  • Inject into subcutaneous layer at a 45 degree angle
  • Preferred site: upper arm, thighs, abdomen (places that can easily be pinched)
  • Avoid blood vessels, nerves, tendons, tattoos or bruising
  • Dosage no more than 1mL
  • 24-26 gauge needle, 1-2.5cm long
  • Insert needle bevel up into pinched skin (2cm)
52
Q

What is an air plug?

A

Approximately 0.1mL of air in the syringe that follows the injection and pushed medication further into the subcutaneous tissue, thus preventing leakage or medication loss

53
Q

Intramuscular Injection info

A
  • Injection sites: deltoid (2mL), dorsal gluteal (5mL), vastus lateralis (5mL), rectus femoris (5mL)
  • 21-23 gauge needle, 1-2.5cm long
  • Massage skin afterwards, initiating systemic absorption (unless you have injected heparin or another anticoagulant)

Section 2 Exam (8 decks)

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