CH.14 medication administration IV Access, Blood Sampling, and IO Infusion Flashcards
Indications of IV ? (3)
- Fluid and blood replacement
- Drug administration
- Obtaining venous blood specimens for laboratory analysis
What is unique to neonate and infant vein access?
They allow scalp vein access, adults do not
When would you see peripheral veins collapse? (3)
- Hypovolemia
- Circulatory failure
- Hypothermia
3 people it would be difficult to find veins in?
- Geriatric
- Pediatric
- Peripheral vascular disease
Who are PICC lines most often used for?
Infants and children requiring long term care
Central venous access is typically restricted in the hospital setting because of its invasive nature and high risk of complications such as… (3)
- Arterial puncture
- Pneumothorax
- Air embolism
When would you not find central vein access?
During CPR
4 different FORMS of IV fluids
- Colloids (help maintain vascular volume, high cost, short shelf life)
- Crystalloids (the primary prehospital IV solution)
- Blood
- Oxygen-carrying fluids
3 most commonly used IV fluids
- Ringers Lactate (isotonic)
- Normal saline solution (isotonic)
- Five-percent dextrose in water (D5W-hypotonic)
Why is 2/3 of Ringers or saline lost to extravascular space within one hour?
Because of the movement of electrolytes and water
What 2 materials are most IV fluids and blood packaged in?
- Soft plastic bags
- Vinyl bags
GTTS
microdrip vs. macrodrip
Microdrip: 60 gtts = 1mL (stylet)
Macrodrip: 1gtt = 1mL (large circular opening)
How full should the drip chamber be for optimal fluid delivery?
1/3 full
Which IV drug is chemically incompatible with regular tubing and requires special tubing?
Nitroglycerine
3 patients that measured volume administration sets are good for?
- Pediatrics
- Renal failure
- Other pt.’s who cannot tolerate fluid overload
Burette chamber
- Increments
- Volume
- Marked in 1 mL increments
- Can hold 120-150mL of fluid
What happens if blood is stored or delivered over an extended period of time?
It is prone to form fibrin clots or to accumulate other debris. If they enter the circulatory system, they can travel in the form of an embolus
2 ways blood tubing can come
- Straight (blood)
- Y (one side for blood, the other side for IV normal saline)
3 types of IV cannulas
- Over the needle catheter (preferred for peripheral venous access)
- Hollow needle catheter/butterfly catheter (does not have Teflon tube, preferred for peds or people with tiny, delicate veins)
- Plastic catheter inserted through a hollow needle (intracatheter)
Typical uses for the various sizes of cannula (3)
- 22 gauge: used for fragile veins such as those of the elderly or children
- 20 gauge: average adult
- 18, 16, 14 gauge: used to increase volume or to administer viscous medication
What size of cannula does blood have to be administered through
16 gauge or larger
2 things to remember with IV cannulas
- The largest gauge cannula that will fit into a vein is not always appropriate
- IV access is painful and causes discomfort to pt. AND family members watching