Principles

Question 1

What is Life?

Answer 1

What is Life?
Complex marcromolecular organization 
Reproduction (heredity)
Metabolism
Development
Responsiveness to environment

Question 2

Complex macromolecular organization

Answer 2

Nucleic acids, Proteins, carbs, lipids

Question 3

Living vs non-living traits (viruses)

Answer 3

a. genetic material vs unable to reproduce
b. adapts to change vs smaller, less complex than a cell
c. Pass thru cells vs rely on host for food and energy
d. Respond to stimuli vs not affected by antibodies
e. adapt over time vs crystallization
f. Can move via vectors (Wind) vs can be taken apart & reassembled

Question 4

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 4

Energy is neither created nor destroyed; can only be transformed from one form to another

Question 5

Example of 1st law

Answer 5

Photosynthesis: sun acts on plants thru chemical energy bonds converts to sugars; plants act on animals chemical energy bonds to go into soil and be food for animals

Question 6

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 6

Systems tend to proceed toward disorder (entropy) unless MT by energy input.
Living material degrades unless MT by constant energy.

Question 7

Definition of animals

Answer 7

Animals:

1. Heterotrophic: food from eating other organisms
2. Eukaryotes: membrane-bound cells nuclei
3. Cells without rigid cell walls
4. originated in Pre-Cambrian seas 600 MYA

Question 8

DEF OF evolution

Answer 8

Evolution: a framework that explains the variety of life and living processes, how they arose and their interrelationships.

Question 9

Darwin’s theory of Evolution

Answer 9

all species arise develop thru
natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual’s ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.

Question 10

World population today

Answer 10

approx 7 billion

Question 11

Endangered species in US and world

Answer 11

1400 in US; >17K world

Question 12

Principles of science

Answer 12

1. Explained by physical, chemical laws.
2. Testable
3. Falsifiable

Question 13

Hypothetico-deductive Scientific Method

Answer 13

a. RESEARCH Question: generate hypotheses based upon observations or prior theories
2. Empirical test
3. Data collection
4. Form conclusion
5. Make prediction

Question 14

Ultimate Questions: Why?

Answer 14

Why do the black moths survive better? eaten at less frequency by birds

Question 15

Proximate Questions: How?

Answer 15

How to the black moths survive better? hard to see by birds in pollution

Question 16

Greenhouse effect

Answer 16

trapping of sun’s warmth in a planet’s lower atmosphere due to > transparency of atmosphere to visible radiation from sun than to infrared radiation emitted from planet.