Cells

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

smallest independent structural & functional unit of Life
Hooke

Question 2

Cell theory

Answer 2

Cell theory states: 1.All living organisms are composed of cells
2. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 3

Why are cells small?

Answer 3

If cell volume is large, surface area:volume ratio too small for adequate exchange of nutrients, wastes

Question 4

Eukaryotic cells HAVE

Answer 4

1. true membrane bound nucleus
2. DNA bound with histone proteins
3. Cell organelles: mitochondria, endoplasmic retic, golgi bodies

Question 5

Prokaryotic cells DO NOT HAVE:

Answer 5

1. true membrane bound nucleus
2. DNA bound with histone proteins
3. Cell organelles: mitochondria, endoplasmic retic, golgi bodies

Question 6

Endosymbiont Theory

Answer 6

Eukaryotics evolved from different prokaryotics coming together to take advantage of their different abilities. For example, organelles like mitochondria & chloroplast could originally have been independent prokaryotics.

Question 7

Plasma Membrane

Answer 7

Fluid, phospholipd bilayer; hydrophilic ends to outside; hydrophobic ends to inside; surrounds cell, regulates movement of material, site for receptors & reactions; selective permeability

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

Control center; stores, transcribes genetic info; contains DNA bound with chromatin; condenses into chromosomes during cell division; enclosed by nuclear envelope; sites of nucleolus within that synthesize ribosomes

Question 9

Ribosomes

Answer 9

Sites of protein synthesis in cytoplasm; contain protein & r-RNA

Question 10

Endoplasmic Retic

Answer 10

system of channels in cytoplasm used for moving materials.

Question 11

Rough ER

Answer 11

covered with ribosomes and packaged proteins

Question 12

Smooth ER

Answer 12

lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids

Question 13

Golgi Complex or bodies

Answer 13

Stack of sacs that modifies and packages proteins and lipids for secretions

Question 14

Lysosomes

Answer 14

Sacs containing enzymes that breaks unwanted material

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

sites of aerobic metabolism; contain DNA, can self-replicate

Question 16

cytoskeleton

Answer 16

tubules & filaments radiating from centrosome; provide support; allow cell to move

Question 17

3 types of MEmbrane transport: Diffusion & Active Transport, Bulk transport

Answer 17

Movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration.

Question 18

Osmosis

Answer 18

when water moves thru a semi-permeable membrane by diffusion

Question 19

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 19

when charged or large particles move thru chemically or voltage gated ion channels; does not require energy ie water, O2

Question 20

Active transport

Answer 20

Movement of molecules ag. concentration gradient using energy by binding to transporter; shows saturation effect; ie glucose, sodium-potassium pump

Question 21

Bulk transport

Answer 21

MOvement of material by enclosing within a vesicle; requires energy ie white blood cells, protozoans

Question 22

Cilia and flagella

Answer 22

Motile extensions of cell surface that propel cell or move materials over cell. Each: 9 prs of microtubules enclosing a central pair (9+2 pattern) ie sperm cell

Question 23

Pseudopodia

Answer 23

lobes produced by cytoplasmic streaming that help some cells move ie WBC

Question 24

Microvilli

Answer 24

infoldings of cell surface; increase surface of cells for absorption or secretion ie intestine lining

Question 25

Epithelial tissues

Answer 25

Covers & lines organs; participates in secretory, excretory activities.

Question 26

Connective tissues

Answer 26

supports and binds. ie cartilage, bone, blood

Question 27

Nervous tissues

Answer 27

conducts electrical impulses; allowing communication

Question 28

Muscle tissues

Answer 28

allows movement; Skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle tissues