Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm exam 2 > Principle of Chemo > Flashcards

Principle of Chemo Flashcards

1
Q

Uniqueness of chemotherapy

A

selective toxicity
selects for resistant strains
hypersensitivity is a problem
lowers the microorangism load so host defense can rid the body of foreign organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pharmacodynamics: types of inhibition

A

CWS, DNA replication, folic acid production, transcription and translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

6 General mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. pathogen fails to absorb drug
  2. pathogen inactivates drug
  3. pathogen pumps drug out
  4. drug target is modified
  5. increased production of target molecules
  6. altered metabolic pathway
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vertical transfer

A

from mother to daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tranduction

A

bacteriophage incorporates DNA; usually lyses cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Transformation

A

free DNA is taken up by bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Conjugation

A

sex pilli passes genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

These have strains that are resistant to all known drugs

A

entercocci, pseudomonas, enterbacters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Narrow spectrum drug for Mycobacteria

A

Isoniazid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Extended spectrum drug for listeria and gram (-) (e. coli, Hib, proteus, salmonella)

A

Ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ampicillin is DOC for

A

Listeria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Broad spectrum drug for chlamydia, mycoplasma, rickettsiae, spirochetes, other gram (-)

A

Tetracyclines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Larger the zone of clearance

A

larger sensitivity to that abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bactericidal

A

cell death (CWSI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

growth inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Organism dependent bactericidal

A

Chloramphenicol (pneumococci, meningococci, and haemophilus influenza)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MOST important to maintain blood levels with

A

static drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Never use in immunocompromised

A

bacteriostatic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MBC

A

minimum bactericidal concentration

20
Q

MIC

A

minimum inhibitory concentration

21
Q

Concentration dependent killing

A

rate and extent of killing dependent on drug concentration (Aminoglycosides, quinolones)

22
Q

Time dependent killing

A

killing is not increased with increasing concentrations above MBC (beta-lactams, vancomycin)

23
Q

PAE

A

persistent suppression of microbial growth that occurs after levels of abx have fallen below MIC; long PAE = usually 1 dose/day; (Aminoglycosides and fluroquinolones)

24
Q

Major benefit of PAE

A

reduced dosing intervals, which reduces adverse side effects

25
Q

Synergism

A

when the inhibitory or killing effects of two or more antimicrobials used together are significantly greater than expected from their individual uses (PCN + aminoglycosides)

26
Q

Mechanisms of synergism

A
  1. block sequential steps (TMP-SMX)
  2. inhibit enzymatic inactivation (beta-lactamase inhibitors)
  3. enhance uptake (PCN increase uptake of aminoglycosides; amphotericin B increases uptake of flucytosine by fungi)
27
Q

Enterococcal endocarditis

A

PCN + aminoglycoside

28
Q

Pseudomonas infection

A

PCN (ticarcillin, piperacillin) + aminoglycoside

29
Q

H. pylori

A

Bismuth + metronidazole + tetracycline

30
Q

Listeria

A

ampicillin + aminoglycoside

31
Q

Goals of treating with multiple anitbiotics

A

decreasing toxicity, broad spectrum coverage

32
Q

Antagonism

A

inhibition of cidal activity by static agents (meningitis: PCN + chloramphenicol)
Induction of enzymatic inactivation (gram - bacilli: enterobacter, pseudomonas, serratia, citrobacter have inducible beta-lactamases)

33
Q

Ex. of antagonism

A

Linezolid + gentamycin

34
Q

Most likely to cause superinfection

A

broad-spectrum (clindamycin)

35
Q

Intestinal candidiasis tx

A

continue abx; and treat w/ oral nystatin or amphotericin B

36
Q

Staph enterocolitis

A

discontinue abx, treat with ORAL vancomycin

37
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis

A

discontinue abx, treat with ORAL vancomycin (metronidazole is 2nd line)

38
Q

Prophylaxis for HSV

A

acyclovir

39
Q

prophylaxis for GBS infections

A

ampicillin or pen G

40
Q

Haemophilus influenza prophylaxis

A

rifampin

41
Q

prophylaxis for malaria

A

chloroquine

42
Q

Meningococal prophylaxis

A

rifampin

43
Q

Pertussis prophylaxis

A

erythromycin

44
Q

Pneumococcemia prophylaxis

A

pen G

45
Q

TB prophylaxis

A

isoniazid

46
Q

UTI prophylaxis

A

bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)

47
Q

Surgery prophylaxis

A

cefazolin

Pharm exam 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions