Intro to micro

Question 1

Gram +

Answer 1

thick peptidoglycan (20-80 nm); no outer membrane; PURPLE

Question 2

Gram -

Answer 2

thin peptidoglycan (1nm); outer membrane; PINK

Question 3

Acid-fast stain

Answer 3

Mycobacterium; maintain acid-fast stains; cell wall of mycolic acids and arabinogalactan

Question 4

Chlamyidae cell wall

Answer 4

lipopolysaccharide (not peptidoglycan)

Question 5

Mycoplasma

Answer 5

completely lack rigid cell wall

Question 6

Aminoglycoide spectrum

Answer 6

aerobes; require O2 to be actively transported into bacterial cell

Question 7

inhibitors of CWS won’t effect:

Answer 7

Mycobacteria, chlamydiae, mycoplasmas

Question 8

Staph aureus

Answer 8

Gram (+) cocci
Normal- skin, nose, RT
Pathogenic- abscesses, RI, food poisoning, sinusitis, TSS, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis
resistance: MRSA, VRSA`

Question 9

E. coli

Answer 9

Gram (-) bacilli
Normal: GI (produce vitamin K)
Pathogenic: food contamination, UTI, cystitis, pyelonephritis, pneumonia, meningitis

Question 10

Produce vitamin K

Answer 10

E. coli

Question 11

0157:H7

Answer 11

Shiga toxin producing, very pathogenic

Question 12

Streptococcus

Answer 12

Gram (+) cocci
Normal: nasopharynx, large intestine, vagina
Pathogenic: pneumonia, meningitis, cellulitis, sepsis, TSS-like syndrome, OM, strep throat, scarlet fever,

Question 13

Pseudomonas

Answer 13

Gram (-) bacilli
Normal: large intestine, pharynx, mouth
Patho: opportunistic, swimmers ear, pneumonia, septicemia
Opportunistic: IV drug users, CF, cancer, AIDS, organ transplant;
multidrug resistant, hypermutable

Question 14

Gram (-) bacilli

Answer 14

E. coli, Pseudomonas

Question 15

Multidrug resistant, hypermutable

Answer 15

Pseudomonas

Question 16

Helicobacter pylori

Answer 16

gram (-) helical
Normal: upper Gi tract
Patho: gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma (most asymptomatic)

Question 17

Mechanism of H. pylori

Answer 17

produce urease, which produces ammonia that destroys mucosa and neutralizes pH

Question 18

Treatment for H. pylori

Answer 18

Omeprazole, Clarithromycin and amoxcillin

Question 19

Borellia burdgorferi

Answer 19

spirochete, diderm (not G+ or G-), no LPS
Normal flora: NO
patho: lyme disease

Question 20

Lyme disease

Answer 20

borellia burdgorferi

Question 21

Diderm

Answer 21

borellia; having two cell membranes

Question 22

Clostridium difficile

Answer 22

gram (+) anaerobe
Normal: large intestine
Patho: pseudomembranous colitis, superinfection

Question 23

At risk for C. diff

Answer 23

abx user, elderly (nursing home residents)

Question 24

Mechanism of C. diff

Answer 24

endospores that can survive pH; produces toxins A and B that damage mucosa

Question 25

Chlamydiae

Answer 25

Gram (-), obligate intracellular, cocci
Normal: NO
Patho: STD, CAP

Question 26

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 26

Gram (-), aerobic diplococci
Normal: NO
Patho: STD – can lead to PID, septic arthritis, vision loss