Intro to micro Flashcards
Gram +
thick peptidoglycan (20-80 nm); no outer membrane; PURPLE
Gram -
thin peptidoglycan (1nm); outer membrane; PINK
Acid-fast stain
Mycobacterium; maintain acid-fast stains; cell wall of mycolic acids and arabinogalactan
Chlamyidae cell wall
lipopolysaccharide (not peptidoglycan)
Mycoplasma
completely lack rigid cell wall
Aminoglycoide spectrum
aerobes; require O2 to be actively transported into bacterial cell
inhibitors of CWS won’t effect:
Mycobacteria, chlamydiae, mycoplasmas
Staph aureus
Gram (+) cocci
Normal- skin, nose, RT
Pathogenic- abscesses, RI, food poisoning, sinusitis, TSS, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis
resistance: MRSA, VRSA`
E. coli
Gram (-) bacilli
Normal: GI (produce vitamin K)
Pathogenic: food contamination, UTI, cystitis, pyelonephritis, pneumonia, meningitis
Produce vitamin K
E. coli
0157:H7
Shiga toxin producing, very pathogenic
Streptococcus
Gram (+) cocci
Normal: nasopharynx, large intestine, vagina
Pathogenic: pneumonia, meningitis, cellulitis, sepsis, TSS-like syndrome, OM, strep throat, scarlet fever,
Pseudomonas
Gram (-) bacilli
Normal: large intestine, pharynx, mouth
Patho: opportunistic, swimmers ear, pneumonia, septicemia
Opportunistic: IV drug users, CF, cancer, AIDS, organ transplant;
multidrug resistant, hypermutable
Gram (-) bacilli
E. coli, Pseudomonas
Multidrug resistant, hypermutable
Pseudomonas
Helicobacter pylori
gram (-) helical
Normal: upper Gi tract
Patho: gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma (most asymptomatic)
Mechanism of H. pylori
produce urease, which produces ammonia that destroys mucosa and neutralizes pH
Treatment for H. pylori
Omeprazole, Clarithromycin and amoxcillin
Borellia burdgorferi
spirochete, diderm (not G+ or G-), no LPS
Normal flora: NO
patho: lyme disease
Lyme disease
borellia burdgorferi
Diderm
borellia; having two cell membranes
Clostridium difficile
gram (+) anaerobe
Normal: large intestine
Patho: pseudomembranous colitis, superinfection
At risk for C. diff
abx user, elderly (nursing home residents)
Mechanism of C. diff
endospores that can survive pH; produces toxins A and B that damage mucosa
Chlamydiae
Gram (-), obligate intracellular, cocci
Normal: NO
Patho: STD, CAP
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gram (-), aerobic diplococci
Normal: NO
Patho: STD – can lead to PID, septic arthritis, vision loss
