Principiul I al termodinamicii Flashcards

1
Q

Energia interna

A

evmarimea de stare a sist termodin.

Reprez suma dintre energiile cinetice de agitatie termica si a energiilor potentiale ale lor, deter de fortele intermolec precum si energ potentiale in campurile de forte exterioare

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2
Q

MARIME DE STARE

A

variatiile energiilor int (U) depind numai de starea initiala si cea finala, dar NU depind de proces

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3
Q

MARIMEA DE PROCES

A

lucrul mec si cald depind de transformare (proces)

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4
Q

energia interna este marime

A

aditiva (se obt prin mai multe forte la un loc)

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5
Q

pt gaz monoatomic

A

U= 3/2VR*T

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6
Q

invelis ADIABATIC

A

invel care inconjoara un sist si il separa de mediul ext este adiabatic daca nu permite modificarea starii de echil termodinamic decat prin schimb de lucru mec intre sist si mediu ext

NU PERMITE SCHIMB DE CALDURA

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7
Q

transf adiabatica

A

orice transf a unui sist delimitat de invelis adiabatic

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8
Q

in general, pt o transf, se introduce o noua marime fiz, cald

A

Q=ΔU+L
ΔU=U1-U2= Q-L

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9
Q

principiul I

A

in orice transf variatia energ int depinde doar de starile initiala si finala ale sist, fiind independente de starile intermediare prin care trece sist
ΔU=U1-U2=Q-L

sau

cald primita de un sist este egala cu variatia energiei int a sist + lucrul mec efectuat de catre sist
Q= ΔU+L

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