Principalele caracteristici ale genomului uman Flashcards

1
Q

Dimensiunea genomului nuclear? ( perechi de baze)

A

3000 Mb

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2
Q

Dimensiunea genomului mitocondrial? ( perechi de baze)

A

16,6 kb

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3
Q

Nr total molecule pe celula din genomul nuclear?

A

23 haplo

46 diplo

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4
Q

Nr total molecule pe celula din genomul mitocondrial?

A

mii

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5
Q

Nr gene genom mitcondrial?

A

37

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6
Q

Densitatea genica genom nuclear?

A

1/30- 1/60 kb

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7
Q

Densitatea genica genom mitocondrial?

A

1/0,45 kb

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8
Q

% de ADN codificator nuclear?

A

2-3%

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9
Q

% de ADN codificator mitocondrial?

A

93%

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10
Q

Cate gene codifica la om ARNt?

Peste 750 de gene sunt codificate inalte tipuri de ARN

A

500

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11
Q

Ce cromozom are cele mai multe gene raportate la nr de pb?

A

cromozomul 19

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12
Q

Ce cromozom are cele mai putine gene raportate la nr de pb?

A

cromozomul 13 si Y

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13
Q

Peste …….% din genele umane au ortologi la Drosophila si Caenorhabdites

A

40%

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14
Q

Cele mai multe gene se gasesc pe cromozomul….., acesta avand un nr de …………. de gene

A

1

2968 de gene

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15
Q

Cele mai multe gene se gasesc pe cromozomul….., acesta avand un nr de …………. de gene

A

Y

231

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16
Q

Raportul mutatiilor germinative este de ….. : …… la barbati fata de femei( spermatozoizii se divid mai des)

A

2:1

17
Q

Ce % din genom este considerat a fi derivat din elemente genetice transpozabile?

A

45%

18
Q

Genomul mitocondrial contine …. de gene, din care ……. codifica sinteza de ARN r; ….. codifica sinteza de ARNt; iar …….. codifica sinteza de polipeptide

A

37
2
22
13

19
Q

Genomul nuclear contine 20000 de gene din care …………….% reprezinta genele si secvetele genice; iar ……….% reprezinta ADN-ul extragenic

A

25%- ADN genic

75%- ADN extragenic

20
Q

Din gene si secvente genice, …..% reprezinta ADN codificat, iar ……..% reprezinta ADN necodificat

A

10% - codificat

90%- necodificat

21
Q

In ce consta ADN-ul necodificat?

A

Pseudogene
Fragmente de gene
Introni, secvente netranslatate, etc

22
Q

Din ADN extragenic……. % reprezinta ADN unic sau in numar mic de exemplare, iar ….% reprezinta ADN repetitiv in nr mai mare de exemplare.

A

60%- unic sau in nr mic de exemplare

40%- repetitiv in nr mai mare de exemplare

23
Q

ADN- ul extracelular repetitiv poate fi:

A

repetitiv in tandem sau in ciorchine

repetitiv diversificat