primate social behavior Flashcards

1
Q

hominoid classifications?

A

super family hominoidea
○ Family hylobatidae (lesser ape - gibbons)
○ Family hoiminidae (great apes and humans)

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2
Q

orangutans - describe behavior and classification

A
  • Not social
    • Pongo pygmaeus - KNOW
    • Indonesia
    • Solitary
    • Diet consists of fruit
    • Sexual dimorphism - males much larger than females, look very different
    • Mostly arboreal
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3
Q

gorillas- describe behavior and classification

A
  • Gorilla gorilla
    • Lowland areas of western equatorial Africa, mountain areas of uganda, rowanda, and the DR congo
    • Knuckle walking - derived trait - not from our MCA
    • Sexual dimorphism - males much larger
    • Group contains silverback male (so only one), females and offspring
    • In contrast humans do not tend to choose just one group, but other primates do
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4
Q

chimp behavior and name

A
  • Pan troglodytes
    • Equatorial africa
    • Knuckle walking
    • Arboreal and terrestrial
    • Highly excitable
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5
Q

bonobos behav and name

A
  • Pan paniscus (same genus dif species)
    • Found in the DR congo
    • Resemble chimps but smaller, diff hair patterns
    • Less excitable, often form groups of females - chimps usually have a male bugging solidary female
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6
Q

jane goodalls work

A
  • Tanzania
    • Decades of work, learned a lot about primates bc of her
    • At the time chimps were thought as very different from humans- but they are similar - transfer knowledge like us, use tools (found out by jane)
    • Her approach was different - she interacted with the chimps and connected with them in a personal way
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7
Q

primitologists are interested in

A
  • Why are primates social?
  • How do primates acquire food?
  • How do primates communicate?
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8
Q

are primate relationships long or short

A

long term - they live long

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9
Q

harlows experiment

A
  • Harlow’s experiments
    • 40s/50s, bonding if real mother is taken away and replaced with experimental ones? - babies needed comfort beyond just food - sad, unethical, the monkeys involved did not learn the parental behaviors and could not transfer them later on
    • Mother/infant bond
    • Social learning
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10
Q

main guesses for cooperation in primates?

A

• Altruism - is it bc of long term connections ie will the favor be returned?
• Kin selection - chosen or selected for behavior?
Mutualism

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11
Q

Other reasons for coperation

A
with more group members a 
	potential predator will be 
	spotted faster 
	• a larger group can defend 
	themselves easier. 
	• statistical probability - less likely to get eaten in a bigger group
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12
Q

6 primate residence patterns?

A
  1. 1 male multifemale
  2. one female multi male
  3. multi male multi female
  4. all male
  5. one male one female
  6. solitary
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13
Q

how much do primates forage? what does good nutrition lead to

A
  • Primates foraging time is up to 50% of waking time
    • Good nutrition leads to:
    • earlier first birth
    • healthier infants
    • short interbirth interval
    • longer lifespan
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14
Q

primate culture as a part of food acquisition - describe use of tools

A
  • Lots of localized behaviors
    • Use of tools to solve problems - also recognized that they have localized behaviors
    • Fossil evidence - focused in on stone tools mostly (bc preservation) - tools made out of organic materials are not preserved well
    • Watching primates helps us see what materials they use
    • Chimps usually vegetarians but might modify a stick to eat others
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15
Q

how do primate communicate

A

• Primate vocalizations complex
• Playback experiment
○ Record calls and play it again to them with a particular time or group etc
○ Primate tends to return call if it’s a primate that would be a part of its group
• Ex. Howler monkey calls

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16
Q

kanzi study?

A

• Kanzi, a bonobo, has been
taught to communicate
using symbols on a
keyboard (lexigrams)
• It was thought that maybe a researcher could find ways to communicate with primates
• Removes them out of their environment = changes their behaviors
• Non-human primates are known to imitate - are you sure they are doing it by their own volition?
• Social isolation was a huge problem - many of these primates would normally be in a completely different social program

17
Q

koko study? did her or kanzi yield real results

A

• Koko
○ Gorilla taught ASL by a researcher
○ Imitation/training - was it really koko deciding to communicate or just doing them to get rewarded
Neither one resulted In real academic results