hominin origins

Question 1

cenozoic era epochs?

Answer 1

Geologic Timescale 
Cenozoic era 
• Paleocene — 66 - 56 mya 
• Eocene — 56 - 34 mya 
• Oligocene — 34 — 23 mya 
• Miocene — 23 — 5.3 mya 
• Pliocene — 5.3 — 2.6 mya 
• Pleistocene — 2.6 0.01 mya 
• Holocene — 0.01 - present

Question 2

first primate? describe

Answer 2

• Plesiadapiforms
• Early cenzoic (approx 60 mya)
• Western north america, europe
• Primate like - proprimates, not primates
• No postoribtal bar or convergent eyes; lacked opposability, claws, small brain, small rodent like teeth
Primate like grasping ability
123 dentition not there yet!!!

Question 3

first True primates - describe

Answer 3

• Eocene euprimates (true primates)

Grasping hands, nails, larger brains, generalized teeth, postorbital bar

Question 4

basal anthropoids? describe

Answer 4

• Eosimias
  
  • China 42 mya
  • Teeth antropoid like
  • Short calcaneus - ankle bone

Question 5

oligocene early anthropoids? Family, environment, key feature

Answer 5

• Fayum egypt 
	• Tropical environment 
	• 
	• Different dental formulas! 
Family propliopithecidae

Question 6

oligocene early anthropoids dental formulas?

Answer 6

• Parapithecids (2133)

* Propliopithecids (2123)

Question 7

• Family propliopithecidae - early oligocene - describe member

Answer 7

Aegyptopithecus zeuxis
—arboreal quadruped
—monkey/ape ancestor

Question 8

nw monkeys connection to africa

Answer 8

• Parapithecids - 2133 - in africa

* Connected to living primates in mexico Also have 2133

Question 9

Origin of hominoids (apes) - describe proconsulids

Answer 9

• Proconsulids (22-17 mya) 
	—Y-5 molars, fruit eating, honing canines 
	— quadrupedal 
	—no tail 
 kenya

Question 10

Origin of hominoids (apes) - describe dropithecids

Answer 10

Expansion out of africa in middle miocene (18-15 mya) — Europe: Spain, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, 
Turkey 
— teeth like proconsulids 
— body like modern apes 
— Dryopithecus

Question 11

Origin of hominoids (apes) - describe sivapithecids

Answer 11

• Sivapithecus (12-8 mya)
— Pakistan and India
— thick enamel; hard-food eater
— orangutan-like in skull; proconsulid-like in body.

Question 12

Origin of hominoids (apes) - describe giganthopithecus

Answer 12

• 2-0.3 mya
• Largest species of extinct and extant primates
• Not too many fossils found - estimate bsed on tooth size
•
• Used bamboo as a food source - based on tooth cusps
•