pre modern to modern homo sapiens Flashcards
when?
- Pre-modern homo sapiens
* 2-300,000 yrs back
• Kabwe (broken hill) cranium
?
- Zambia, africA
- Complete cranium
- 300.000 yBP
- Cranial capacity 1300 cc
- Low forehead, large brow ridges
- Teeth used as tools?
stone industry?
Levallois stone indus
a sophisticated type of stone knapping where flakes are removed from the core before
the creation of a final flake
more interest in use of flakes
was evolution linear?
- How did everyone after erectus connect in? not linear evolution!!1
- DNA evidence that homo sapiens are relatively young - africa connection w finding of dna
neaderthals - genus, when discovered and where
neander valley, germany
* Genus homo * Top part of cranium one of the first found * Before darwin!!! Not a big convo about who or what it was - was assumed to be an individual with an issue
where were neanderthals mostly present? adaptations?
• Mainly europe and parts of asia
•
• Cold adaptations?
○ Large nasal aperture (heat the air)
○ Large infraorbital foramina (blood flow to face)
bc of Genetic drift does not connect into natural selection
• Neanderthals in western asia site?
• Shanidar, iraq ○ 45,000 years old ○ Elderly male 40s or 50s ○ Heavy wear om teeth ○ Eye injury, arm amputation, foot with arthritis - signs of healing mean these happened while it was alive - likely part of a community
neanderthal europe site?
• La chapelle aux saints site ○ 1908 ○ Southern france ○ Nearly compete skeleton ○ 60,000 yrs old ○ Buried in flexed position w tools and animal bones around the individual
use of neandethal dna?
• Svente paabo - geneticist, did work on mitochondrial dna of neaderthals - different from ours, 25 yrs ago, assumed no mixing w modern humans
• However, 12 years ago they could determine the neandethal genone - there was mixing!
○ Used fragments - don’t tell much of the story
how are neanderthals classified
• Bc of connection - lots use homo sapiens neanderthalensis and consider neanderthalensis a sub species
neanderthal art?
- Uncovered in 2012
- 8 lines cut into rock
- 40,000 yrs BP
- Small populations - did another group come wipe them out - not necessarily , can just be a matter of interbreeding and intermixing
neanderthal use of feathers?
• Cut marks on bird bones where the attachment sites for large feathers can be found - cultural connection
neanderthal tool tradition?
- Mousterian tool tradition
- Emphasis on flakes
- Fewer large core tools, more small flake tools
• Denisovans?
subspecies of archaic human that ranged across Asia during the Lower and Middle Paleolithic. Denisovans are known from few physical remains, and, consequently, most of what is known about them comes from DNA evidence.
• From a tiny bit of finger found in russia
• asia
how much neanderthal dna do modern humans have? denisovan?
1-4 %
melanesians have 3-5% dna derived from denisovans
