Primary Tissues Flashcards
What is an originator cell?
Stem cell
Name the two types of stem cells
Embryonic (pluripotent)
Tissue (tissue specific)
Name the 4 basic tissue types
Epithelia, muscle, connective tissue and neural tissue
Describe the key characteristic of a neuron cell
They are separate cells able to communicate by releasing chemicals by secretion at the ends of cells
Where does secretion of a neuron occur?
At the end of an axon into synapses. This can occur at a neuromuscular junction but also neuron to neuron
What is myelination and what does it do?
The process of coating an axon with a fatty coating called myelin. it protects the neuron and helps conduct signals more efficiently
What does the node of ranveir do?
Increases the velocity of action potentials
What creates myelin in the PNS
Schwann cells
What creates myelin in CNS
Oligodendocytes
What are the Glial cells of the CNS?
These are cells that support neuron and the different types for the CNS include;
Olgiodendrocytes, astrocytes (metabolic and mechanical support), microglia (use phagocytosis and antigen presentation) , ependyma (lines CNS cavities)
What are the glial cells of the PNS
Schwann cells (myelination) Satellite cells (support in ganglia)
What are the three muscle cell types and describe them?
skeletal muscles - This appears striated and has coordinated contraction under voluntary control.
Cardiac muscle - Striated and coordinated contraction and an involuntary control of blood pump
Smooth muscle - Non-striated and has involuntary control (responsible for peristalsis)
What are the different types of connective tissues
Fibrocollagenous,
Cartilage, bone and teeth,
Blood and adipose tissue (white fat)
Major feature of connective tissue?
Extracellular tissue which is composed of fibrous proteins, structural carbs and proteins and mineral deposits.
Cells of fibrocollagenous tissue are?
fibroblasts, mast cells (synthezises histamine and other mediators for inflammation), Macrophages (phagocytose foreign bodies and present antigens to stimulate immune cells) Plasma cells (synthesise mature B cells) and stem cells
Three types of cartilage?
Hyaline (impact resistance and durable), elastic (flexible) and fibrocartilage (strong)
Two types of bone?
Trabecular/cancellous and cortical
Extra cellular matrix of bone?
Collagen fibres mineralised by hydroxyapitite
Two types of adipose tissue?
White fat (stores energy, insulates and protects) and brown fat (produces heat)
What are white fat cells called and what do they form from and describe the structure?
Adipocytes, derived from fibroblasts. A single droplet of fat will occupy the most of the cell, the nucleus and cytoplasm are pushed to the periphery of the cell
What does white fat do?
Produces adipokines which sends signals to regulate nutritional balance and other systems
What signal is sent to the brain telling it that you’ve had enough to eat?
Leptin
How does brown fat produce heat?
Uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.
