Heart and Circulation

Question 1

What is the arterial system?

Answer 1

Conductance of blood vessels that carry blood around the body

Question 2

What is microcriculation?

Answer 2

Where transfer of nutrients, waste and water occurs

Question 3

What is the Venous system?

Answer 3

The capacity of vessels that store and return blood to the heart

Question 4

Where does the heart lie?

Answer 4

Centrally in the chest, between lungs and pleura and in the middle of the mediastinum.

Question 5

What is the heart surrounded by?

Answer 5

The pericardial sac. It is fibrous tissue lined by serous membrane that secretes a small amount of lubricating fluid

Question 6

What are the right and left auricles?

Answer 6

Extensions of the atriums

Question 7

Whats the base of the heart?

Answer 7

The left atrium

Question 8

What is the apex of the heart?

Answer 8

The left ventricle

Question 9

What forms the inferior diaphragmatric surface of the heart?

Answer 9

Mainly the left ventricle but also a small portion of thr right ventricle

Question 10

Describe the passage of blood through the heart

Answer 10

De-oxygenated (DO) blood enters the right atrium via the inferior and superior vena cava. It enters the right ventricle via the tricuspid valve. Blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary trunk where it divides into the left and right pulmonary arteries. They carrt blood to the lungs to be oxygenated. Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs and enters the left atrium via the superior and inferior pulmonary veins. Blood goes into the left ventricle via the mitral valve where it is pumped into the aorta.

Question 11

What enters and exits the right atrium?

Answer 11

In : Inferior, superior vena cava and the coronary sinus

Out: Tricuspid valve to right ventricle

Question 12

What is the fossa ovalis?

Answer 12

It was the site of the forman ovale in embryo. The forman ovale allowed for the oxygenated blood to come from the mother and by-pass non functional foetal lungs.

Question 13

Describe the function of the papillary muscles

Answer 13

They send tendinous cords to the edges of valve cusps. They prevent the inversions of valves into the atrium during ventricular contraction.

Question 14

Where to the coronary arteries arise from?

Answer 14

The coronary sinuses, they provide the heart with blood

Question 15

Where do the anterior cardiac veins drain into?

Answer 15

The right atrium

Question 16

Where do the veins (apart from anterior veins) drain into?

Answer 16

Coronary sinuses which then later enter the right atrium.

Question 17

Describe the electrical conduction route of the heart

Answer 17

Conduction passes from the sino-atrial node to the atrio-ventricular node where it is delayed. It then travels to the Bundle of His which continues to the right and left bundles that spread across the ventricles.