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Stage 2 Year 2 > Primary Thyroid and Parathyroid Problems > Flashcards

Primary Thyroid and Parathyroid Problems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the hormone levels in hypothyroidism?

A
  • Low T4/T3

- High TSH

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2
Q

What is the main cause of hypothyroidism?

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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3
Q

What antibodies are present in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

A

Anti-TPO

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4
Q

What are main signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A
  • Weight gain
  • Cold intolerance
  • Low HR
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5
Q

How do you diagnose hypothyroidism?

A

Bloods - low T4

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6
Q

How do you treat hypothyroidism?

A

Levothyroxine (T4 replacement)

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7
Q

What are the hormone levels in hyperthyroidism?

A
  • High T4/T3

- Low TSH

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8
Q

What is the main cause of hyperthyroidism and what antibody is present in this disease?

A

Graves’ disease (anti-TSH)

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9
Q

What are main signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

A
  • Weight loss
  • Heat intolerance
  • Increased HR
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10
Q

What are two specific signs of Graves’ disease?

A
  • Eye protrusion

- Pretibial myxoedema

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11
Q

How do you diagnose hyperthyroidism?

A

Bloods - high T4

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12
Q

How do you treat hyperthyroidism?

A
  • Carbimazole (CI in pregnancy) + propanolol (symptom release)
  • Propylthiouracil instead of carbimazole - younger females, safer in pregnancy
  • Second-line = radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) - often need to take long term levothyroxine
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13
Q

What is the main cause of hypoparathyroidism?

A

Autoimmune to PTH gland (anti-PTH and anti-CaSR)

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14
Q

What does hypoparathyroidism lead to?

A

Hypocalcaemia

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15
Q

What are main signs and symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?

A

Hypocalcaemia

  • Muscle spasms
  • Perioral paraesthesia
  • Chvostek’s sign = twitching of muscles innervated by the facial nerve
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16
Q

How do you diagnose hypoparathyroidism?

A

Bloods - low PTH, low Ca

17
Q

How do you treat hypoparathyroidism?

A

Calcitriol - Ca and vit D supplement

18
Q

What is the main cause of hyperparathyroidism?

A

PTH benign tumour (adenoma)

19
Q

What does hyperparathyroidism lead to?

A

Hypercalcaemia

20
Q

What are the main signs and symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Hypercalcaemia - bones, stones, groans and moans

  • Osteoporosis (bone pain)
  • Kidney stones
  • Abdominal pain
  • Depression/confusion
21
Q

How do you diagnose hyperparathyroidism?

A

Bloods - high PTH, high Ca

22
Q

How do you treat hyperparathyroidism?

A

Surgery

23
Q

What is the main cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

CKD - would have low calcium, treat with vitamin D analogue (paricalcitol)

Stage 2 Year 2 (13 decks)

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