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Stage 2 Year 2 > Hyperprolactinaemia and GH problems > Flashcards

Hyperprolactinaemia and GH problems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperprolactinaemia?

A

Pituitary tumour secreting prolactin (prolactinoma)

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2
Q

What is the first line investigation for high prolactin?

A

Pregnancy. test

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3
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia in women?

A
  • Oligo/amenorrhoea
  • Infertility
  • Vaginal dryness
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4
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia in men?

A
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Lack of facial hair
  • Gynaecomastia
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5
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia in women and men?

A

Galactorrhoea (milk production/secretion)

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6
Q

How do you diagnose hyperprolactinaemia?

A
  • Bloods - high prolactin
  • MRI
  • TFTs
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7
Q

How do you treat hyperprolactinaemia?

A
  • Cabergoline, bromocriptine - D2 (dopamine) agonist (dopamine inhibits prolactin secretion)
  • Surgery (trans-sphenoidal)
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8
Q

What are the hormone levels in acromegaly/gigantism?

A

High GH

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9
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

High GH after fusion of epiphyses (adults)

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10
Q

What is gigantism?

A

High GH before fusion of epiphyses (children)

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11
Q

What is the main cause of acromegaly/gigantism?

A

GH-secreting pituitary tumour

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12
Q

What is an additional cause of gigantism?

A

McCune-Albright syndrome

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13
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of acromegaly?

A
  • Increased growth (hands/feet)
  • Macroglossia
  • Coarse facial features
  • Oily skin
  • Excessive sweating
  • Proximal weakness
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14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of gigantism?

A
  • Increased height
  • Prominent jaw
  • Gonadal dysfunction
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15
Q

How do you diagnose acromegaly/gigantism?

A
  • Oral glucose tolerance test
  • Bloods (IGF-1)
  • Serial GH
  • MRI
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16
Q

Why do you need to do a serial GH to diagnose acromegaly/gigantism?

A

Can’t just simply test levels of GH bc it caries too much within a day even in someone without acromegaly

17
Q

How do you treat acromegaly/gigantism?

A
  • Surgery = trans-sphenoidal tumour excision
  • Somatostatin agonist = octreotide, lanreotide, pasireotide
  • D2 agonist = cabergoline, bromocriptine
18
Q

What is the key symptom of a pituitary tumour?

A

Bitemporal hemianopia (compression of optic nerve)

Stage 2 Year 2 (13 decks)

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