Primary Structures

Question 1

What is growth in plants?

Answer 1

Irreversible increase of dry mass associated with the development of an organism

Question 2

What type of growth do plants exhibit throughout their life?

Answer 2

Indeterminate growth

Question 3

What are the primary structures of a dicot root?

Answer 3

Root hair, epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, xylem, phloem

Question 4

What is the function of root hairs?

Answer 4

Absorption of water and minerals

Question 5

What is the innermost single cell layer of the cortex in plant roots?

Answer 5

Endodermis

Question 6

What is the outermost cell layer of a root?

Answer 6

Epidermis

Question 7

What is the role of the cortex in plant roots?

Answer 7

Stores carbohydrates and transports water and minerals

Question 8

What is the Casparian strip?

Answer 8

A suberin belt in the endodermis with no inter-cellular spaces, that blocks cortical apoplast from vascular apoplast

Question 9

What is the pericycle?

Answer 9

A layer containing 2 or 3 parenchyma cell layers with meristematic function located interior to the endodermis

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for the formation of lateral roots.

Answer 10

Pericycle

Question 11

True or False: The primary structure of monocot roots is significantly different from dicot roots.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

What type of cells mainly make up the cortex?

Answer 12

Parenchyma cells

Question 13

What are the two main tissues found in the vascular cylinder of roots?

Answer 13

Xylem and phloem

Question 14

What is the primary function of the epidermis in roots?

Answer 14

Protects inner parts of the root

Question 15

What is the composition of the cortex in plant roots?

Answer 15

Mostly parenchyma cells with intercellular spaces

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The _______ contains no inter-cellular spaces.

Answer 16

Endodermis

Question 17

What is the role of parenchyma cells in the pericycle?

Answer 17

Involves in lateral root formation and secondary growth of the root

Question 18

What is the difference between primary structures of monocot and dicot roots

Answer 18

Distribution pattern of xylem and phloem tissue

Question 19

What is present inner to the pericycle in the roots

Answer 19

Vascular tissue as a solid core

Question 20

What surrounds the vascular tissue in monocot roots?

Answer 20

A ring if alternating xylem and phloem

Question 21

Is the pericycle in monocot roots meristemstic

Answer 21

No

Question 22

What is found in the central core of vascular tissue in monocot roots?

Answer 22

Parenchyma cells

Question 23

Describe the shape of the xylem tissue in a cross section of a dicot root.

Answer 23

Star shaped

This is in contrast to the circular arrangement in monocots.

Question 24

Where is phloem located in dicot root

Answer 24

In the grooves between the arms of xylem

Question 25

What can be found in the middle of solid core of vascular tissues in dicot roots?

Answer 25

Xylem

Question 26

What is the outer most layer in primary structure of dicot stem

Answer 26

Epidermal cell layer

Question 27

Function of epidermal cell layer

Answer 27

Protects inner parts from dessication and infections

Question 28

What are the pores on epidermal layer called

Answer 28

Stomata

Question 29

What is interior to the epidermis

Answer 29

Cortex

Question 30

What is the cortex mainly made up of

Answer 30

Parenchyma cells

Question 31

What is the location of collenchyma cells in the primary structure of dicto root

Answer 31

Just beneath the epidermal layer to provide strength

Question 32

What is the types of cells found in cortex to provide support

Answer 32

Sclerenchyma such as fibres

Question 33

How are the vascular bundles arranged in a dicot stem

Answer 33

In a ring

Question 34

Describe the arrangement of vascular bundles in dicot stems

Answer 34

Primary phloem towards cortex Primary xylem towards pith In-between a cambium tissue

Question 35

What is outside vascular bundles

Answer 35

Luster of sclerenchyma cells

Question 36

What is found inner to the vascular bundle

Answer 36

A large pith made up of parenchyma cells

Question 37

From where does the lateral shoots form

Answer 37

From lateral buds

Question 38

What is the nature of ground tissue of monocot stem compared to dicot stem

Answer 38

Ground tissue is not differentiated into cortex and pith

Question 39

What is the arrangement of vascular bundles in most monocot stems

Answer 39

The vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue in most monocot stems

Question 40

What surrounds the vascular bundle of monocot stem

Answer 40

Schlerenchyma

Question 41

Does monocot stem vascular bundle have cambium in between xylem and phloem

Answer 41

No

Question 42

Does monocot stem vascular bundle have cambium in between xylem and phloem

Answer 42

No