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Plants Form And Function > Plant Tissue System > Flashcards

Plant Tissue System Flashcards

1
Q

In what do changed occur in a cell during cell differentiation?

A

Changes in
Cytoplasm
Organelle
Cell wall

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2
Q

What are the three main tissue systems of vascular plants

A

Dermal tissue system
Ground tissue system
Vascular tissue system

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3
Q

What is the outer protective covering if plants

A

Dermal tissue system

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4
Q

What is an example for dermal tissue system

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of epidermis

A
  1. Tightly packed single cell layer
  2. Protective layer in stems and roots of primary plant body and leaves
  3. Normally covered by a cuticle
  4. Specialized cells such as guard cells and trichomes and root hairs are found .
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6
Q

What is cuticle

A

A waxy epidermal coating in aerial parts

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7
Q

Functions if epidermis

A

-Defence against pathogens
-Cuticle help prevent water loss
-Root hair involve in absorption of water and mineral ions
-Gaurd cells help in gaseous exchange
*Hair like trichomes reduce water loss
*Shiny hair reflect excess light
*Some trichomes secrete chemicals involved in defence against pathogens/herbivores

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8
Q

Epidermis in the older regions of stems and roots are replaced by

A

Periderm after secondary growth

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9
Q

What are trichomes

A

Epidermal outgrowths such as hairs and glands

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10
Q

What is the main function of ground tissue

A

Fills the gap between dermal tissue and vascular tissue

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11
Q

What are the two parts of ground tissue

A

Cortex
Pith

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12
Q

What are the ovations if cortex and pith in relation to the vascular tissue

A

Cortex - outer to the vascular tissue
Pith - inner to the vascular tissue

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13
Q

The ground tissue consists of cells specialized for functions such as

A

Storage
Photosynthesis
Short distant transport
Support

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14
Q

What are the three main types of cells present in ground tissue

A

Parenchyma cells
Collenchyma cells
Sclerenchyma cells

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of parenchyma cells

A

Living even at functional maturity

Mature cells have primary cell walls(relatively thing and flexible), most cells lack secondary walls

Have large central vacuole

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16
Q

What are the functions if parenchyma cells

A

Perform most of the metabolic functions of the plants

Storage

Most of the parenchyma retain the ability to divide and differentiate under suitable conditions. Wound repair, tissue culture.

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17
Q

What are plastids

A

Some cells in root and stems contain plastids (leaucoplast) which store starch

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of collenchyma cells

A

Generally elongated
Thicker primary cell walls
Walls are unevenly thickened
Living even at functional maturity
Found just below the epidermis of young stems and petioles

19
Q

What is the function of collenchyma cells

A

Give mechanical support to leaves and stems without restraining growth

20
Q

What are the features if sclerenchyma cells

A

Have secondary cell wall produced after cell elongation

Secondary cell wall is thickened with large amount of lignin

Dead cells at maturity

21
Q

What are the two types if sclerenchyma cells

A

Sclereids
Fibres

22
Q

What are the features of sclereids

A

Shorter and wider than fibres
Irregular shape
Thick lignified secondary cell wall

23
Q

Location of sclereids

A

Places where growth has stopped

Nut shells
Seed coat
Flesh of coarse fruits

24
Q

Features of fibres

A

Usually grouped in strands
Long, slender and tapered

25
Q

A use of fibres

A

To commercially obtain fibres

Coconut husk
Hemp fibres

26
Q

Function of sclerenchyma

A

Provide support and strength

27
Q

Xylem consists of

A

Vessel elements
Tracheids
Fibres
Parenchyma cells

In angiosperm and some gymnosperms

28
Q

What mainly conduct water in xylem

A

Vessel element and tracheids

29
Q

What gives mechanical strength to xykem

A

Fibres

30
Q

What are the functions of parenchyma in xylem

A

Storage
Radial transportation

31
Q

What types of plants contain vessel element

A

All angiosperm
Some gymnosperms

32
Q

Features of xylem vessel element

A

Cylindrical and long

Wider, shorter and thinner cell walls than tracheids

Secondary walls thickened with lignin

Perforation plates are found at end walls of vessel elements. Other walls are interrupted by pits.

Water flows freely through perforated plates

33
Q

Function of xylem vessel element

A

Provide support to prevent collapse under tension of water support

34
Q

What plants have tracheids

A

All vascular plants

35
Q

Features of tracheids

A

Long thin cells with tapering ends

Secondary cell wall thickened by lignin and often interrupted by pits

Water moves from end to end by pits

Thickening lignin provides support to prevent collapse under water transport

36
Q

What are the components of phloem tissue

A

Sieve tube elements
Companion cells
Parenchyma cells
Fibres

In angiosperm

37
Q

What is the dead cell in phloem

A

Fibres

38
Q

What are the plants that lack sieve tube element and companion cells

A

Seedless vascular plants
Gymnosperms

39
Q

What do the plants that lack sieve tube elements have instead

A

Long narrow cells called sieve cells

40
Q

What are the organelles that are absent in sieve tube elements

A

Nucleus
Ribosomes
A distinct vacuole
Cytoskeletal elements

41
Q

Features of sieve tube elements

A

Cytoplasm reduced to thin peripheral layer

Absence of nucleus, ribosomes , distinct vacuole and cytoskeletal elements

Absence of these allows passing of nutrients more freely

Chains of sieve tube elements align to form sieve tubes

The end walls of between sieve tube element contain porous plate called sieve plate

Sieve plate allows movement of fluid from one sieve element to next

42
Q

What is the non conducting cell in phloem

A

Companion cell

43
Q

Features of companion cells

A

Non conducting cells

Found alongside each sieve tube element and connects with it by numerous plasmodesmata

Nucleus and ribosomes of it also serves to adjacent sieve tube element

Some companion cells in leaves help with phloem loading and unloading

Plants Form And Function (8 decks)

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