Primary Secondary Flashcards
What is Basic Attitude Instrument Flying?
Attitude instrument flying is defined as control of an aircraft’s spatial position by using instruments rather than ground reference
Describe the primary/Supporting method of BAI
Specific principal instruments indicate pitch, bank, and power control requirements during maneuvers These are your primary instruments while those that back up these indications will be supporting
What three categories are instruments grouped in?
Instruments are grouped as they relate to control function and aircraft performance as pitch control, bank control, power control, and trim.
What are the 4 different flight maneuvers under Primary and Supporting method?
Straight and level flight Constant AS Climb/Descent Constant Rate Climb/Descent Standard Rate Turn
What are the primary pitch, bank, and power instruments to achieve Straight and Level Flight?
Pitch - Altimeter Bank - Heading Indicator Power - Airspeed Indicator
What are the primary pitch, bank, and power instruments to achieve Constant AS Climbs and Descents?
Pitch - ASI Bank - Heading Indicator Power - ASI
What are the primary pitch, bank, and power instruments to achieve Constant Rate Climb/Descent
Pitch - VSI Bank - Heading Indicator Power - ASI
What are the primary pitch, bank, and power instruments to achieve a Standard Rate Turn?
Pitch - Altimeter Bank - Turn coordinator Power - ASI
What are the three fundamental skills of Basic Attitude instrument flying
Crosscheck Instrument Interpretation Aircraft Control
Why do we need to crosscheck?
The pilot maintains an attitude by reference to instruments that will give the desired performance It is impossible to establish an attitude and have performance remain constant for a long period of time It is therefore necessary to constantly check the instruments and make appropriate changes
What are the three scans and descriptions ?
Selected Radial scan - 80-90% of scan is focused on the attitude indicator. The scan begins with attitude and branches out to various other instruments, but the scan always return to attitude before checking the next instrument branches will depend on maneuver Inverted V Moving your eyes from the AI to the VSI and back to the AI Rectangular scan: Scan moves in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction around the basic six-pack, thus creating a rectangular pattern. Gives equal weight to each instrument Can lengthen the time between checking instruments critical for maneuver being performed
What are the common crosscheck errors?
Fixation - staring at a single instrument (attitude indicator). This occurs for a variety of reasons and eliminates the crosscheck of other instruments Emphasis - Relying on most understood instruments. Putting emphasis on a single instrument, instead of the necessary combination of instruments. Chasing the VSI is common or emphasizing pitch or bank instruments. Omission - Omitting an instrument from the crosscheck caused by failure to anticipate major indications following attitude changes
What is instrument interpretation?
Understanding the information provided by cross-checking It begins by understanding each instrument’s construction and operating principles. Then, this knowledge must be applied to the performance of the aircraft being flown, the particular maneuvers to be executed, the cross-check and control techniques applicable to that aircraft, and the flight conditions.
What is Aircraft Control?
Taking the instrument information that has been interpreted and making physical adjustments to flight controls in response When using instruments instead of outside references the control inputs are the same, but must be smooth and precise
What are the four components of aircraft control?
Pitch Control: Controlling the rotation of the aircraft around the lateral axis by movement of the elevators in response to instrument interpretation Bank Control: Controlling angle made by the wing and the horizon, after interpreting appropriate instruments movement of the ailerons to roll the aircraft about its longitudinal axis Power Control: Interpretation indicates a need for adjustment in thrust Trim Control: Trim removes control pressure once desired attitude is attained Improper trim will cause a need for constant force need on the controls, this adds distraction and leads to abrupt and unintentional attitude changes
