Navigation Equipment Flashcards
What is NDB?
Non Directional Beacon is a low or medium frequency radio beacon transmits nondirectional signals whereby the pilot of an aircraft properly equipped can determine bearings and “home” on the station
What frequency band do NDB’s operate?
frequency band of 200 to 415 kilohertz
What is a Compass locator?
When a radio beacon is used in conjunction with the Instrument Landing System markers, it is called a Compass Locator.
What equipment in our plane is used to navigate NDB’s
Many general aviation-type aircraft are equipped with ADF radio receiving equipment with a tuner used to set the desired station frequency and the navigational display
How do you navigate using ADF?
To navigate using the ADF, the pilot tunes the receiving equipment to a ground station known as a nondirectional radio beacon (NDB).
The ADF, when used with an NDB, determines the bearing from the aircraft to the transmitting station.
What does the ADF navigational display consist of?
The navigational display consists of a dial upon which the
azimuth is printed and a needle which rotates around the
dial and points to the station to which the receiver is tuned.
What is a VOR?
Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range. The VOR ground station is oriented to magnetic north and transmits azimuth information to the aircraft, providing 360 courses TO or FROM the VOR station
What frequency band do VORs operate under
108.0 to 117.95 megahertz and have a power output to provide coverage within their assigned operational service volume
What is the VOR operational Service volume?
Terminal - 25NM 1,000-12,000ft
Low - 40 NM 1,000-18,000ft
High - 40NM 1,000-14,500ft
100NM 14,500-18,000ft
130NM 18,000-45,000ft
100 NM 45,000-60,000ft
NEW:
VL (VOR Low):
40 NM 1,000 - 5,000
70 NM 5,000-18,000
VH ( VOR High)
40 NM 1,000-5,000
70 NM 5,000-14,500
100 NM 14,500- 60,000
130 NM 18,000 - 45,000
How does the VOR work?
Phase comparison: The difference between magnetic north and the sweep signal
There’s a sweeping antenna inside the unit which mechanically sweeps fast. Every time the antenna reaches Magnetic north an Omnidirectional signal is sent out. Our receiving antenna can catch the signal at a specific radial where we are at
It’s like a lighthouse, if you know where north is and you cruise around and the signal sweeps us, we can determine where we are.
Everything is expressed in radials from the station
How do you know where you are using VOR navigation?
Tune VOR receiver and identify it
Center the needle with a From indication
What is MON
FAA is retaining a limited network of VOR’s called the VOR MON in case GNSS becomes unavailable
How does DME work?
1) Airplane sends interrogation signal called pair pulses
2) ground station transmits signal back to the plane on a different frequency
3) airborne DME measures elapsed time and translates this to distance
What’s the DME frequency band?
950 - 1213 MHz
